汽车吊sac4000多少钱(sac4000是多少吨吊车)

重卡之家 2022-12-24 08:29 编辑:Admin 245阅读

1. sac4000是多少吨吊车

奔驰专用机油指的是奔驰的高性能机油,也就是AMG机油,由美孚代理,品质上跟金美孚是一样的,在4s店里面一般是提供给AMG车型使用的,AMG车型发动机工作温度较高,需要用这类品质比较好的机油保护发动机。

AMG机油各方面性能都是不错的,像是动力提升已经保养里程方面都是要比奔驰原厂机油要好一些的,市区高速动力提升都不错,保养里程也可以到10000公里左右,当然也是有缺点的。虽然保养效果相比原厂有提升,不过不算特别明显,但是在价格上差距很多,保养的性价比不是很高;静音效果不是很好,尤其是在高速以及动力衰退之后发动机噪音很大,影响驾驶;最重要的一点就是机油衰退的比较早,一般都是4000-5000公里左右衰退,之后动力下降的比较快,体验不如衰退前好。

我之前用过两次,前面感觉还可以,后面衰退了就不行了,感觉性价比不是很好高,就换掉了,现在用的是进口的德国GT魔力红机油,要比专用机油好很多,四类PAO的基础油,抗衰退能力好,保养里程长,10000公里之后才有衰退的情况,正常开15000公里保养更换没什么问题,加上有液态钼的添加剂,抗磨保护能力强,可以降低发动机的动力摩擦损耗,提升发动机的动力输出,降低发动机噪音,长时间高速或者急加速发动机声音也不会那么大,体验要好很多

2. sac500是多少吨吊车

第一个是接电池的,第二个是接交流电的,当然有电压了。

3. sac3500是多少吨吊车

整机自量72000kg

最大配重100t

三一重工 SAC3500T

最大行驶速度

80km/h

最小转弯半径

11.68m

接近角

15°

离去角

15°

最小离地间隙

360mm

最大爬坡度

49%

速度参数

主卷扬最大单绳速度

130m/min

起重臂全伸/缩时间

720/720s

起重臂全起/落时间

75/110s

最大回转速度

1.2r/min

尺寸参数

整机全长

17808mm

整机全宽

3000mm

整机全高

4000mm

支腿跨距(横x纵)

8.5x8.95m

重量参数

整机总质量

72000kg

最大配重

100t

动力参数

发动机型号

奔驰OM502LA(国V)

发动机最大功率

480/1800kW/rpm

发动机最大输出扭矩

3000/1300N·m/rp

4. sac5000T是多少吨吊车

sac5000吊车参数,总质量96000Kg车最高速度75km/h,前悬2910mm,后悬2150mm.轮胎数16个,前伸931mm,后伸1020mm,发动机功率480kw

5. sac5000是多少吨吊车

5斤重的力,一牛力等于0.102公斤。1公斤力=9.8牛顿,1牛顿力=1/9.8公斤严格意义上说,牛顿不能换算为公斤,因为牛顿是力的单位,公斤是质量单位。但可以换算为公斤力:1N(牛顿)=0.102kgf(公斤力)。1N(牛顿)=0.204斤。

简介:牛(力学单位)一般指牛顿(物理学单位)。牛顿(Newton),简称牛,符号为N。是一种衡量力的大小的国际单位,以科学家 艾萨克·牛顿(Issac Newton)的名字而命名。在国际单位制(SI)中,力的计量单位为牛顿。

6. sac6000吊车是多大的

防盗门是打造安全家居的第一道防线,担负保护家居安全的重担。但是每天都要进进出出,家里的防盗门也是要开开关关的,如此频繁的开关肯定对门的寿命等各方面有损坏,所以在防盗门上一定要选择大品牌有保障的产品,下面小编就来跟大家介绍中国防盗门十大品牌,并提供其价格给大家选购参考:中国防盗门十大品牌:1、步阳防盗门(参考价格:1000-1600元)步阳集团创立于1992年,经过十多年不断发展,形成步阳门业、步阳车业、步阳置业、步阳汽车零部件、步阳物流为主的五大支柱产业。集团与浙江大学合作建立了产学研基地,作为发展集团核心技术的坚强后盾,步阳现已拥有涵盖安全门、电动车行业的200多项专利,被浙江省科技厅授予“浙江省专利示范企业”称号。其中,步阳门业产品多达15个系列262种款式,满足了全国各地不同的建筑风格需求。已连续多年产销量全国领先。截止2006年,步阳集团作为安全门行业内第一家同时拥有“中国名牌产品”“中国驰名商标”“国家免检产品”三大权威奖牌的企业。2、盼盼防盗门(参考价格:1600-2300元)盼盼安居股份有限公司是以生产安居产品为主业,以新型建筑材料开发与制造为主导的股份制企业,总部座落在风光秀丽的海滨城市辽宁营口市。公司目前拥有20多家企业成员,员工6000多人、占地100万平方米、建筑面积45万平方米。 。先后开发生产盼盼牌防火门、钢木门、卷帘门、户内门、防护窗、全自动车库门、散热器、彩色钢质夹层墙体板、钢结构、隔音屏、不锈钢厨具等10余种,100多个系列新产品,获得40多项国家专利。3、王力防盗门(参考价格:1100-1600元)中国王力集团拥有四个国家最高级的产品荣誉和商标称号:2005年9月荣获“中国名牌产品”荣誉,2006年王力商标又荣获工商、司法双认定的“中国驰名商标”称号,同年12月又荣获(门、锁)贰项“国家免检产品”荣誉;王力集团有限公司是“全国安全防范报警系统标委会实体防护设备分技术委员会”委员单位、“全国安全防范报警系统标准化技术委员会实体防护设备分技术委员会(SAC/TC100/SC1)”委员单位(全国同行仅有三家)、“中国企业联合会、中国企业家协会”的直属团体会员、中国质量检验协会会员、中国安防产品行业协会副理事长单位。4、星月神防盗门(参考价格:1100-2300元)成立于2001年的星月门业(浙江)有限公司,是中国星月集团旗下星月门业建立的三大门业制造基地之一,下属子公司七家。公司总部坐落于有“中国五金之都”之誉--浙江省永康市,占地约二百六十多亩,建筑面积约十七万平方米。星月门业荣获国家科技进步二等奖,国家技术专利有60多项、产品设计专利达100多项,通过公安部安全防范检验60多项,建筑质量检验70项。旗下“星月神”、“欧瑞”等多个品牌,先后获得了“国家安全门质量免检”、“浙江省名牌”、“浙江省著名商标”、“畅销品牌”、“中国著名品牌”、“中国驰名商标”等殊荣。5、群升防盗门(参考价格:1100-2100元)群升门业是中国群升集团的下属企业,是一家涉足房产配套建材制造、汽摩产品制造、房产投资、金融投资等领域的大型无区域集团公司。“群升”牌防盗安全门已连续2届被评为“浙江名牌”,荣获国家免检产品,“群升”牌防盗安全门与木质工艺门被列为“国家康居示范工程选用部品与产品”,“群升牌” 防火门获得防火门型式认可证书。“群升”牌防盗安全门、金属进户门、防火门及车库门已成为享誉国内外的知名品牌。6、美心防盗门(参考价格:1300-1800元)重庆美心(集团)公司是一家以门业为主,投资涵盖汽摩配件、新型环保建材、房地产开发等多个产业领域的综合性企业。集团旗下的门业制造产品包括安全门、室内门、防火门、卷帘门、车库门、防弹门等品种,是全国最大、总类最齐全的门类生产企业之一。连续多年被评为重庆市出口知名品牌企业。美心安全门被授予“中国名牌”称号,美心商标被授予“中国驰名商标”。7、春天防盗门(参考价格:1000-2700元)浙江春天门业有限公司是中国春天集团的核心企业,春天集团以研发、制造、销售各种高档防盗门、防火门、真铜门、装甲门、非标门、木门、木地板为主营业务并具备完善的售前售后服务体系,生产各种防盗门、防火门、真铜门、装甲门、非标门、木门、木地板等,是一所大型现代化专业型企业。8、万嘉防盗门(参考价格:100-2700元)中国万嘉集团是一家集制造,投资、进出口贸易、房地产于一体的现代企业集团。制造业主导产品有防盗门、防火门、钢木装甲门、室内门、防盗锁等安防产品,产销量居全国同行前茅。9、飞月防盗门(参考价格:2400-14000元)飞月门业公司是一家专业生产中高档卡门、钢木工艺门、室内套装门、生态门、实木门的大型现代化企业,集研发、生产、销售、服务于一体,以品质、创新和信誉引领了市场潮流,开拓了门业新的一片天空。10、亚斯王防盗门(参考价格:1090-2200元)“亚斯王”是上海朗庆金属门窗有限公司旗下品牌,是一家始终专注于高品质的艺术安全防盗门,精钢铸铝板雕别墅门、高档别墅门、钢制进户门,精品门中门系列的研发与生产的现代化企业。防盗门是家居安全第一道门,对家里成员的财产安全都起很大作用。以上是小编给大家整理的中国防盗门十大品牌排名及其价格内容,希望对大家选购防盗门有所帮助。

7. sac5000是多少钱吊车

手机除了上网、打电话,最重要的功能就是拍照了。每个人都会用手机拍照,但真正“会”拍照的人其实凤毛麟角。那么,怎样才能拍出一张美美的照片呢?今天就来分享一下手机拍照技巧,感兴趣的小伙伴赶紧来看看吧!

认识手机拍照

现如今,手机已然成为记录生活的一种拍摄工具。一般评估一款手机适不合适拍照,重点要看手机的镜头配置、感光元件尺寸、防抖性能,此外还得了解手机的芯片配置以及色彩显示等等。很显然,现在的手机想要做好影像就需要多方面修炼,不仅传感器、镜头等硬件部分足够强,更要在计算摄影上有思考有成果,拥有可以把照片、视频“算得好”的软硬件综合能力,才能是拍得出好作品的手机。

计算摄影

手机最初的影像能力升级,是直接跟专业相机、摄影机取经,在传感器尺寸和镜头规格上做文章,只要硬件上足够“豪华”就能有好的拍照。但强大的影像硬件会占据更多机身空间,然而现代智能手机能腾出的位置始终有限,必须得开辟新道路,来让手机影像在有限体积下获得更大提升。行业最终把目光望向了计算摄影,利用同样飞速进步的手机性能加以处理,以输出更高质量的照片和视频。

计算摄影首先被用作拍摄HDR内容,把同一时间内拍下的多张曝光不同的照片合成,即可获得动态范围大幅提升、能清楚看到更多细节的HDR照片。由于原理直观而且硬件适应度还很广,HDR拍照很快成了新款中高端手机的标配新能力。

此后各厂商推出的超级夜景功能,更是把多张合成潜力发掘出来:同时拍摄更多的照片,接着完成照片筛选、信号分类、降噪处理、色彩管理、照片合成灯多道工序。最终在短短数秒内,仅用手机就能拍出足够明亮也足够真实可信的夜景照片,计算摄影价值得到充分体现。

相机模组

一款影像表现好的手机,相机模组肯定是最重要的。比如X70 Pro,使用了后置四摄的模组,包括5000万像素的IMX766V大底主摄,1200万像素的专业人像镜头,1200万像素的超广角镜头,还有800万像素的潜望式长焦镜头。重点需要提出来的是,X70 Pro搭载了VIVO自研的专业影像芯片V1,服务于拍照和视频等影像应用,这颗芯片可以让非常复杂得多个计算成像算法,在低功耗的下并发实时处理,例如在预览界面就可以看到接近成片亮度效果的能力。

光学防抖

当前,众多手机厂商纷纷加码手机影像,在众多升级点中,防抖无疑也是十分引人瞩目的,特别是关于手机支不支持OIS防抖的讨论,甚至成了不少人心中界定手机拍照表现高低的重要依据。光学防抖确实可以一定程度提高手机的拍照质量,如果你喜欢拍照,尤其是拍夜景,那么光学防抖肯定是必不可少的。在手机上,防抖也分为数个类型,其中比较常见的莫过于OIS、EIS以及混合防抖几类,其中OIS和EIS分别对应了光学防抖和电子防抖,而混合防抖则是将二者合二为一。

比如OPPO Find X5 Pro,使用了防抖黑科技悬浮防抖,能够实现镜头组和传感器双重光学防抖,最终实现俯仰、摇摆、水平平移、垂直平移和旋转五轴防抖操作,防抖效果较之传统OIS同样有了多倍提升,同时能将夜景安全快门降低至0.5s,大幅提升夜景的进光亮的同时,在抓拍画面时也会更清晰。

旗舰手机

当然,OIS防抖只是一方面,如果对手机影像比较看重,还是比较推荐诸如iPhone 13 Pro Max、OPPO Find X5 Pro以及vivo X70 Pro+这些顶级影像旗舰的,相较于搭载传统OIS的机型,这些旗舰手机不仅拍照更稳,整体影像实力也更强,虽然价格贵了一些,但几乎没什么短板,还是很不错的。

手机拍照技巧

技能入门

横拍or竖拍

手机拍照第一个面临的问题,大概就是到底用横拍还是竖拍?有些场景横拍更显大气;有些场景竖拍更加立体、细节更好。那么一起来分析下在具体的拍摄场景中,应该什么时候用横拍、什么时候用竖拍。

横拍图特点:横构图,照片的长宽比例大致是4:3,照片比较符合人眼的视觉习惯,因为我们人眼是横着的,左右两边的景物看到比较多,上下的景物看到比较少。横构图的照片能够体现开阔的视野、宏伟大气的感觉。例如下面这张照片:

竖构图特点:竖构图,照片的长宽比例则反过来3:4,竖拍的照片更加体现竖直的立体感、高大感、线条感、前景与后景的对比感。例如下图:

横拍的使用场景: 横拍的特点是凸显画面横向视野开阔的视觉感受,那么在城市风光、自然风光壮美的地方拍摄,横拍自然不可少,它能够把壮阔的风光融入画面,给人以震撼的视觉效果。所以横拍适合拍摄风光、建筑、生活照片、人物等场景。

竖拍的使用场景:竖拍的特点是凸显线条与纵深感极具视觉冲击效果,体现高大、线条、立体、前后景对比,那么在拍摄线条纵深感比较突出、高大的主体景物、凸显人物身材、线条的场景时可以选择用竖拍构图。 所以只要拍摄的场景中具备前后景的对比、线条纵深等元素,那么采用竖拍会是一个不错的构图方式。

手机对焦

对焦也叫对光、聚焦。通过相机内的对焦机构,变动物距和相距的位置,使被拍物成像清晰的过程就是对焦。 手机拍照如何精准对焦呢?非常简单,三个字,点屏幕!想让哪里清晰,就点哪里,拍摄重点在哪里,就点哪里。

专业模式

如果你是摄影大师,不满足于手机上的傻瓜拍照模式,没关系,快看看你的手机有没有专业拍照模式吧!现在有这个功能的手机还是不少的,如果没有,可以下载相关的APP解决。

个性化功能

应用滤镜可以让照片更有档次;HDR模式能够更好的反映出真实环境中的视觉效果;闪光灯在近距离拍摄人像时有很好的效果;倒计时或语音快门,在自拍、合影时非常有用;全景模式可以拍摄超宽画幅的照片……手机个性化功能如此丰富,可以多多尝试你感兴趣的功能哦。

技能进阶

善用光线

户外拍照,光线真的很重要。简单来说,早晨8点前和下午4点后拍照的光线是最柔和的。拍花拍树叶拍人影,逆光最好,一个小轮廓,晶莹剔透的,特有意境。所以也说光线是最奇妙的魔术手,能够让作品画面产生出一种戏剧性的故事效果。加上手机拍照的优点就是可以随时拍,如果遇到好的光线,可以马上拿出手机记录下这一刻。

学会构图

用手机拍摄照片,构图是非常重要的环节,照片最后拍出来是否具有美感,很大程度上是由构图决定的。一般摄影构图就是对画面中的元素进行组合搭配,主次关系交代清楚,杂乱无章、东倒西歪的构图,很难拍出高级的美感。常见的构图有九宫格构图、对称构图、对角线构图、三分构图等,咱不光要知道,拍照时也别忘了使用哦。

九宫格构图:九宫格构图是使用频次最高的一种构图方式,在画面中,可以将主体景物放在“九宫格”交叉点的位置上,“井”字的四个交叉点就是主体的最佳位置。九宫格的4条线交汇的4个交点也就是人们的“视觉集中点”。在手机设置中,需要打开网格线条或参考线,便于在实际拍摄中辅助进行九宫格构图,苹果手机和安卓手机的网格线都可以在设置中打开。

在拍摄照片时,把主体景物放置在4个网格线的交点位置附近即可,主体景物在画面中会比较凸显,这个构图方法适用于大部分拍摄场景。如下图,骆驼作为主体景物位于4个交点的其中之一。

对称构图:对称构图就是以一个点或一条线作为中心,两边的形状和大小是一致且呈现对称的,画面的色彩、线条、结构都是统一和谐、具有对称感的画面。对称构图是一种较为均衡的构图形式,具有平衡、稳定、交相辉映的特点。尤其在拍摄建筑线条,风景的倒影等场景中广泛运用。通常,水面的倒影、相似的建筑结构、形状等场景都可以运用对称式的构图方法,提升和增强画面的对称美感。

对角线构图:对角线构图,简单来说就是对应的两个角画一条线,这条线就是对角线,摄影时运用这种形式的构图就是对角线构图。标准的对角线构图更是有把画面“劈开”,一分为二的气势。

如果画面的两部分色调、明暗有较大的差异,采用对角线构图能将这种对比效果展现得淋漓尽致。

三分构图:三分构图也是很常用的构图方式,手机拍摄界面中的网格线可以把画面横分或竖分成三份,每一份都可放置主体景物,这种构图既适用拍摄风光也适合人像。能让画面主题鲜明突出,构图简洁。

在实际拍摄场景中,可以利用地平线、海平面、山峰、草地、树林等边缘线条进行三分构图,这些边缘线条可以当做三分线,利用线条对画面的切割形成三分构图,提升画面的均衡感。

拉低镜头

手机相机景深通常都很差,拍照时要学会时常打破常规视角,花点心思寻找“刁钻”的角度,也许就能带来前所未有的视觉刺激。比如拉低镜头,你可以试着让自己降到地面的高度,或者把手机放在水平面的高度,效果会十分有趣。

利用倒影

利用倒影来拍摄,是增强作品画面感最为简单有效的方法。抖音上火爆的“倒一杯水,就是一张美照”,正是利用了倒影拍摄,所以大家有机会一定要多试试。

湖面、镜子、地板都是很好的对称道具,天然的对称度,很适合运用倒影,可以马上提升画面的美感,是不是瞬间高大上有档次了呢。

黑白效果

在色彩纷杂的世界中,黑白摄影就是一种去繁就简的经典形态。习惯了绚丽的色彩,不如偶尔切换成黑白,就会体现出复古、文艺、沧桑的意境。黑白尤其适合市井主题的拍摄,手机黑白照拍得好,也会高级又惊艳!

注意事项:在找到黑白摄影的拍摄对象时,我们应该尽可能不关注色彩,最好着眼于拍摄对象的形态线条、浓淡、色彩明暗对比的强弱等,从黑白摄影的视角出发。比如剪影就能表达黑白,光差能够突出剪影的特质,黑白更能表达剪影的独特感及反差感。

如果担心黑白摄影沉闷乏味,那么框式构图在拍黑白照时就是能提升照片趣味最好的方式,巧妙运用的话还能能令照片增添一份深度。

注意事项:记得在拍摄时要降低曝光,因为后期是要把画面转为黑白照片的,所以降低曝光会增加画面的明暗对比,这样后期转为黑白效果会更好。

学会留白

设计需要留白,拍照也需要留白。有时候照片不好看,就是拍摄到的杂质太多,只要画面一留白,去掉多余元素,便怎么拍都好看了!手机相比单反,画质有一定的劣势,可是如果多用极简、留白的拍摄风格,可以舍去那些过于复杂的细节,避免暴露画质缺点。

手机拍照后期

首先手机拍照后,一般会选择修图,其实手机后期修图越简单、越快捷越好,跟着自己的感觉走,不需要超级专业的数据调整(主要是这样那样的修改手机基础参数,大部分人记不住,跟着视频一步一步的调完之后,下一次又忘记了),大部分人能高效且调出来比原图好看,其实就能满足日常需求了。

懒人调色

如果你比较懒,那么手机修图建议使用手机自带编辑器即可。安卓系统根据手机品牌不同,会有很多差异,这里无法一一列举,下面以华为Mate 20MAX为例,了解下华为手机拍摄加黄油相机P图的效果。

一、先用华为Mate 20MAX 摄影,随便选择什么模式都可以,只要把照片拍摄清楚,就可以进行后期美化,这个机型的对焦框有一条水平线,更方便取景布局!以对焦框的水平线为分界线,同样一半天空,一半景物。

二、可以先利用系统自带剪裁工具,把图片比例调整好。安卓系统也有滤镜和调节参数的功能,如果你的手机调色板很好用,也可以先进行调色。

三、剪裁完成后,后期图片美化的任务交给“黄油相机”或者“MIX”完成。

四、这里选择“黄油相机”,因为它是个文艺小清新的APP,可以加滤镜、调色、加各种文字,出来的效果很文艺。图片加载完,里面可以看到很多修图工具,可以选择使用系统已有模板,也可以自己选择滤镜进行调整。

五、“找模板”的放大镜点开,输入想要的关键字,我选了夏天。

六、再根据自己喜欢的滤镜进行修改。

七、里面的“模糊”和“光影”这两个功能也很好用,看图效果。

八、原图和美图后的效果对比,是不是颜色更鲜亮好看了?而且添加了模糊和光影效果的图片,整体也更丰富了些。

抠图换背景

虽然PS抠图的方法有很多种,但对于不会用PS的朋友来说,似乎只能抠抠自己的手指头。但是不要怕,其实抠图早已不是PS的专利,很多手机APP都能轻松实现一键抠图,而且效果媲美PS。比如“一键抠图”的人物抠图、物品抠图都很好用。

上传照片后,软件就会对照片进行自动抠图,这是抠图前后效果对比图:

抠图后,在软件内,你还可以给人物换个自己喜欢的背景。

魔法换天空

同样是使用一键抠图,如果想给自己的照片换个天空,打开一键抠图里的“魔法换天”功能,即可实现一键变换天空颜色。

下图为前后效果对比图:

手机拍照软件

分享完了手机拍照技巧,这里再分享一下个人比较喜欢的手机拍照软件吧。

人像类

轻颜相机:适合安卓及苹果系统,轻颜相机自拍绝对是一绝,尤其是滤镜的上妆功能,完全素颜的状态,用这个APP随手一拍就能拍出上了一套全妆效果的照片。

无他相机:无他相机的那句“拍好不用P”真的太适合我这种懒癌患者了,随手一拍就能拍得又美又好看!里面的滤镜、贴纸我都很喜欢,而且还可以拍表情包,自己可以做一些“ok、拜拜、我来啦、谢谢”这样简单的表情包,聊天会更有意思!

美食类

吃了么相机:这是一款好用的特效相机应用,可以让你轻松拍出酷炫又让人觉得很美味的美食大片,就算你不懂剪辑、不知道如何完美构图或者是不懂配乐等都没有关系,它一键帮你全搞定,吃日料?吃火锅?喝饮品?都没问题,里面拥有很丰富的模板,下载好之后按照提示使用操作即可,直接套模板,简单完事。

Foodie:这款软件必须是美食摄影控人手必备,是LINE推出的美食摄影专用app,用来专门拍食物并对食物添加合适的滤镜,画风清新,整体风格简洁。强大的美食滤镜功能是它最吸引人的地方,滤镜的风格有许多,有可供不同食物类别的滤镜哦。

风景类

Snapseed:要修一张风景图,首推Snapseed,这也是博主们常用的APP,它最厉害的地方是图片调节,很多曝光不足的照片都能靠它起死回生,后期还能保证图片的画质,可以说是废片拯救器。打开Snapseed的工具栏,里面的功能实在太强大了,亮度、对比度、饱和度、色调是最常用的几个功能,而且很好操作,轻轻滑动手指就能调出自己想要的效果。旅游博主比较常用的是HDR景观。尤其是遇到植物、建筑类的风景,HDR既能保留阳光照射下的细节,又能提亮暗部的细节,让整个画面更丰富。

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Pro,使用了防抖黑科技悬浮防抖,能够实现镜头组和传感器双重光学防抖,最终实现俯仰、摇摆、水平平移、垂直平移和旋转五轴防抖操作,防抖效果较之传统OIS同样有了多倍提升,同时能将夜景安全快门降低至0.5s,大幅提升夜景的进光亮的同时,在抓拍画面时也会更清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMA0dye4GoWqoMxSUbccBArenxi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"旗舰手机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"As4kdOkwioqGG8xC4hxcnwd6njg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当然,OIS防抖只是一方面,如果对手机影像比较看重,还是比较推荐诸如iPhone 13 Pro Max、OPPO Find X5 Pro以及vivo X70 Pro+这些顶级影像旗舰的,相较于搭载传统OIS的机型,这些旗舰手机不仅拍照更稳,整体影像实力也更强,虽然价格贵了一些,但几乎没什么短板,还是很不错的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Vo2kdKaYooes2WxSKXEceh2Hnxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手机拍照技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAs6dkkKUoeiWOxsZ32cARpmnkd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"技能入门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoUqdQ60KogAKAx2gXucoeHMn2y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"横拍or竖拍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZMgudysqco60s8xob1IcfYnEnEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手机拍照第一个面临的问题,大概就是到底用横拍还是竖拍?有些场景横拍更显大气;有些场景竖拍更加立体、细节更好。那么一起来分析下在具体的拍摄场景中,应该什么时候用横拍、什么时候用竖拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Igk8dGcUMoOCeoxOywMcegLEnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"横拍图特点:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"横构图,照片的长宽比例大致是4:3,照片比较符合人眼的视觉习惯,因为我们人眼是横着的,左右两边的景物看到比较多,上下的景物看到比较少。横构图的照片能够体现开阔的视野、宏伟大气的感觉。例如下面这张照片:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwGQdcaMsoIESkxMPGOcRVqin3b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"横拍or竖拍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9532623310d044539cdc63a7285c3e5c","width":800},"text":"","id":"NQkSdsgwioWkySxIdtDc5YNpnyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"竖构图特点:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"竖构图,照片的长宽比例则反过来3:4,竖拍的照片更加体现竖直的立体感、高大感、线条感、前景与后景的对比感。例如下图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu4eduiUso2g6WxwfnTcIbIZn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"横拍or竖拍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6769552b7d714d718c6332f5f0e4c8a2","width":1280},"text":"","id":"CSuMdcSQ8oosUyxa6pTc9F7Knhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"横拍的使用场景:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 横拍的特点是凸显画面横向视野开阔的视觉感受,那么在城市风光、自然风光壮美的地方拍摄,横拍自然不可少,它能够把壮阔的风光融入画面,给人以震撼的视觉效果。所以横拍适合拍摄风光、建筑、生活照片、人物等场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgUudyqCAoQQyCx2DLcc3nVTnuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":960,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"横拍or竖拍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f8b7f6b5f12b4c4b970f347032017a45","width":1280},"text":"","id":"JiAOdCiQkoU2Kcx8X9OcdDesnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"竖拍的使用场景:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"竖拍的特点是凸显线条与纵深感极具视觉冲击效果,体现高大、线条、立体、前后景对比,那么在拍摄线条纵深感比较突出、高大的主体景物、凸显人物身材、线条的场景时可以选择用竖拍构图。 所以只要拍摄的场景中具备前后景的对比、线条纵深等元素,那么采用竖拍会是一个不错的构图方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUmsdk86ooiwYgxWmmVcBxjUnSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"横拍or竖拍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34d593707a4f41f3bd90e4a03c57f84d","width":1280},"text":"","id":"I88OdiWK6oGSy0xDRDocr6LenA6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手机对焦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaimdKyIioQakmxK9x8cSnuInZy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对焦也叫对光、聚焦。通过相机内的对焦机构,变动物距和相距的位置,使被拍物成像清晰的过程就是对焦。 手机拍照如何精准对焦呢?非常简单,三个字,点屏幕!想让哪里清晰,就点哪里,拍摄重点在哪里,就点哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCS4dM8s2oyqsqxGmuNcDRkGnvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":351,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"手机对焦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c24350c7c0b405cbdcbf4754ac9083e","width":624},"text":"","id":"Au6ed0k4ooeQAkx0kkVcDcVIn0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业模式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QQ2Ad2Ii2oGQsMxsDCDcXMypndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你是摄影大师,不满足于手机上的傻瓜拍照模式,没关系,快看看你的手机有没有专业拍照模式吧!现在有这个功能的手机还是不少的,如果没有,可以下载相关的APP解决。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0oSdGai6owSU6xM8Gic9qqPnW6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":967,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"专业模式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb60e50c0e1b4296bddded6e6380bc5b","width":640},"text":"","id":"AsmMdiYQaos0iyxWnTAc9nwcnbs"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"个性化功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkAUdg2s2oEMqWxcdXMcDgDVnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"应用滤镜可以让照片更有档次;HDR模式能够更好的反映出真实环境中的视觉效果;闪光灯在近距离拍摄人像时有很好的效果;倒计时或语音快门,在自拍、合影时非常有用;全景模式可以拍摄超宽画幅的照片……手机个性化功能如此丰富,可以多多尝试你感兴趣的功能哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0UIdEOkGoIESsxa04NcH77pnIf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1921,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"个性化功能","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/64d576b073cf41069d35df02246355b9","width":1080},"text":"","id":"W6Wcdgqy6ocuYUxyyM3c1fkrn3B"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"技能进阶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWWedgO8Oou06ixqWhHcqTqznx3"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"善用光线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiAWdKi6AogCW8x04JUc8EKOndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"户外拍照,光线真的很重要。简单来说,早晨8点前和下午4点后拍照的光线是最柔和的。拍花拍树叶拍人影,逆光最好,一个小轮廓,晶莹剔透的,特有意境。所以也说光线是最奇妙的魔术手,能够让作品画面产生出一种戏剧性的故事效果。加上手机拍照的优点就是可以随时拍,如果遇到好的光线,可以马上拿出手机记录下这一刻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XoIodwcWkoyuW0xWUH9czPS6n9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":403,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"善用光线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a33e129d4ea42dabcfe6ee7ad5dd871","width":599},"text":"","id":"Kcqid6EgooKqqexo9zzcLYz9nnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ae2idCoYIooKgCx2y2Ucirx8nCR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用手机拍摄照片,构图是非常重要的环节,照片最后拍出来是否具有美感,很大程度上是由构图决定的。一般摄影构图就是对画面中的元素进行组合搭配,主次关系交代清楚,杂乱无章、东倒西歪的构图,很难拍出高级的美感。常见的构图有九宫格构图、对称构图、对角线构图、三分构图等,咱不光要知道,拍照时也别忘了使用哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QO0wdIs8IoE2gIxs792cBRfCn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九宫格构图:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"九宫格构图是使用频次最高的一种构图方式,在画面中,可以将主体景物放在“九宫格”交叉点的位置上,“井”字的四个交叉点就是主体的最佳位置。九宫格的4条线交汇的4个交点也就是人们的“视觉集中点”。在手机设置中,需要打开网格线条或参考线,便于在实际拍摄中辅助进行九宫格构图,苹果手机和安卓手机的网格线都可以在设置中打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NA84dm2QEos2qexQpDwcV4VQn4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1000,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a53d0c4ccfa9442eab838adfa10b8783","width":1080},"text":"","id":"YK0Qd8qSMogwcexsNJccI3Oinwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在拍摄照片时,把主体景物放置在4个网格线的交点位置附近即可,主体景物在画面中会比较凸显,这个构图方法适用于大部分拍摄场景。如下图,骆驼作为主体景物位于4个交点的其中之一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWIydkg4ooku86xGi7ScseaZnAb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":960,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c93f783847445748e56b12b662b7183","width":1280},"text":"","id":"Qoymd2gMWoYy6IxyWYgc4Li8n7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"对称构图:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对称构图就是以一个点或一条线作为中心,两边的形状和大小是一致且呈现对称的,画面的色彩、线条、结构都是统一和谐、具有对称感的画面。对称构图是一种较为均衡的构图形式,具有平衡、稳定、交相辉映的特点。尤其在拍摄建筑线条,风景的倒影等场景中广泛运用。通常,水面的倒影、相似的建筑结构、形状等场景都可以运用对称式的构图方法,提升和增强画面的对称美感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYW6dcwAioM4wWxee3JcAWDbnMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/379f473aeee544d491c0eb07c271f409","width":1280},"text":"","id":"EYE4dEM6soKIA2xWyBacP11unI3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"对角线构图:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对角线构图,简单来说就是对应的两个角画一条线,这条线就是对角线,摄影时运用这种形式的构图就是对角线构图。标准的对角线构图更是有把画面“劈开”,一分为二的气势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OYEqdsGygoiuskx4IfWcirhRnhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":370,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4e1d89d31494bd498db0d8e55a6ff8e","width":640},"text":"","id":"QSs2d8WqWoc8oEx8vpIc9ZPQnyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果画面的两部分色调、明暗有较大的差异,采用对角线构图能将这种对比效果展现得淋漓尽致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HCModYykGoceccxCcMucRRvSnpc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/191fbb6bf19e40e18c75a0b0ab2b3287","width":640},"text":"","id":"T42odwWKGo6YCqxojLRcdLo5nGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三分构图:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"三分构图也是很常用的构图方式,手机拍摄界面中的网格线可以把画面横分或竖分成三份,每一份都可放置主体景物,这种构图既适用拍摄风光也适合人像。能让画面主题鲜明突出,构图简洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0ISdYSm2oaS2axYPCWcrTWJnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6033b98df1f745ed86a4ce28799208a4","width":1080},"text":"","id":"UIIgdIuI8ossAMxmo0ocosmknTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在实际拍摄场景中,可以利用地平线、海平面、山峰、草地、树林等边缘线条进行三分构图,这些边缘线条可以当做三分线,利用线条对画面的切割形成三分构图,提升画面的均衡感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2qydAYWyo2Q8wxCELdcTiPtnRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会构图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a267cefbe044e6bbf1f3c4a57249579","width":1280},"text":"","id":"B6kadg8Quo4g4Qx2dmxcvescn7c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拉低镜头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKAUd2WiOoSU2CxOLmOcMXTpnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手机相机景深通常都很差,拍照时要学会时常打破常规视角,花点心思寻找“刁钻”的角度,也许就能带来前所未有的视觉刺激。比如拉低镜头,你可以试着让自己降到地面的高度,或者把手机放在水平面的高度,效果会十分有趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UaCEdKkumokcsYxcb64cvuUTnHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拉低镜头","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9040b3ef729343de9a09e020b25a854f","width":550},"text":"","id":"GWGydQCCeouYoixmSvBcvMVYnjg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用倒影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmmodyaqGoai4cxS0dSctyytnjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用倒影来拍摄,是增强作品画面感最为简单有效的方法。抖音上火爆的“倒一杯水,就是一张美照”,正是利用了倒影拍摄,所以大家有机会一定要多试试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqcKd6AKGoKY2MxKsEVc7Gr0nid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":542,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"利用倒影","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb338b5ae4ea404b8ef7f035abd68a73","width":560},"text":"","id":"IOuodyqouoys4kxe0bncbpZRnhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"湖面、镜子、地板都是很好的对称道具,天然的对称度,很适合运用倒影,可以马上提升画面的美感,是不是瞬间高大上有档次了呢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQkcdyKWqowUuqxKsK7cVp5pnOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"利用倒影","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44e52f8fe95a45639cfbbcda2464ac9c","width":520},"text":"","id":"O2SMdWwgsoGMyAxakbcc1MvZn4g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"黑白效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0Ukd8uuIooG4MxE9lQcxsezn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在色彩纷杂的世界中,黑白摄影就是一种去繁就简的经典形态。习惯了绚丽的色彩,不如偶尔切换成黑白,就会体现出复古、文艺、沧桑的意境。黑白尤其适合市井主题的拍摄,手机黑白照拍得好,也会高级又惊艳!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmmOdkqyMocsIaxymewc4dMmnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项:在找到黑白摄影的拍摄对象时,我们应该尽可能不关注色彩,最好着眼于拍摄对象的形态线条、浓淡、色彩明暗对比的强弱等,从黑白摄影的视角出发。比如剪影就能表达黑白,光差能够突出剪影的特质,黑白更能表达剪影的独特感及反差感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqkYdQEK8oQ0aOxaMN5c10t0nFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"黑白效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62418558478a4c86bef371525cd7b28d","width":831},"text":"","id":"JicSdaysOogMqox089scC4yAnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果担心黑白摄影沉闷乏味,那么框式构图在拍黑白照时就是能提升照片趣味最好的方式,巧妙运用的话还能能令照片增添一份深度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BI0cdEa2ioGCaYxqyaWcWZJbnah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"黑白效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1e53e02942b4c3883aaf7b3747e703a","width":600},"text":"","id":"IgOudMuG8o0uEwxuywIccBUQnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项:记得在拍摄时要降低曝光,因为后期是要把画面转为黑白照片的,所以降低曝光会增加画面的明暗对比,这样后期转为黑白效果会更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIUOdK6E2oeoKYxwaBbcqvrenzT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1000,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"黑白效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/52b5cda1928e45e1b94896987ab7bb0f","width":924},"text":"","id":"Yow8dwUE2oqGM2xIhFCc79ENnHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学会留白","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AE8IdUCkCoKkKAxyl51c7OXLn4Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计需要留白,拍照也需要留白。有时候照片不好看,就是拍摄到的杂质太多,只要画面一留白,去掉多余元素,便怎么拍都好看了!手机相比单反,画质有一定的劣势,可是如果多用极简、留白的拍摄风格,可以舍去那些过于复杂的细节,避免暴露画质缺点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMoedaemYoG60QxQFGXcvC3Ynrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会留白","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/86383b63bbb944f1927421f3741df3aa","width":600},"text":"","id":"OsuAdoO84o0ekmxaLygcsZyVnE8"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手机拍照后期","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAugde4gsoiSwAxGwvXcjrQNnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先手机拍照后,一般会选择修图,其实手机后期修图越简单、越快捷越好,跟着自己的感觉走,不需要超级专业的数据调整(主要是这样那样的修改手机基础参数,大部分人记不住,跟着视频一步一步的调完之后,下一次又忘记了),大部分人能高效且调出来比原图好看,其实就能满足日常需求了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaiqdKcAmoSQUGxywpjcXfL5nUU"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GY2gd8QK6oCsAyxErx9ccK14nVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你比较懒,那么手机修图建议使用手机自带编辑器即可。安卓系统根据手机品牌不同,会有很多差异,这里无法一一列举,下面以华为Mate 20MAX为例,了解下华为手机拍摄加黄油相机P图的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKEUd88gsoo6qwx2rqLcENMAn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、先用华为Mate 20MAX 摄影,随便选择什么模式都可以,只要把照片拍摄清楚,就可以进行后期美化,这个机型的对焦框有一条水平线,更方便取景布局!以对焦框的水平线为分界线,同样一半天空,一半景物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wa0SdoWi2oE8UexODhrcIba2n7F"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2044,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/579d97cca3d1477b82c85befd82a6e11","width":1080},"text":"","id":"OWOSdu4syouOyOxmaHccBbaxnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、可以先利用系统自带剪裁工具,把图片比例调整好。安卓系统也有滤镜和调节参数的功能,如果你的手机调色板很好用,也可以先进行调色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DimodWqWKoug8uxqsPWcsJYFnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1885,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fcb49c82c99444d4b47d1a2395248c7e","width":961},"text":"","id":"GcsEdsEMooS8c4xSMSAcwmM2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、剪裁完成后,后期图片美化的任务交给“黄油相机”或者“MIX”完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HI6OdokI2oWY2SxuW7Uci5Rxn4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1102,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6caefe3a53ae42d784a96180e09d5952","width":1069},"text":"","id":"QmU2dECK8oKoimxaYzgclcu0nmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、这里选择“黄油相机”,因为它是个文艺小清新的APP,可以加滤镜、调色、加各种文字,出来的效果很文艺。图片加载完,里面可以看到很多修图工具,可以选择使用系统已有模板,也可以自己选择滤镜进行调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOgmdsq8MoigkOxae0ic1MgEnmf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2154,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0886339eb6354360abe97d6413a6d35f","width":1038},"text":"","id":"GSWyd0Oc2oawo0xaIFAcdeN6nQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、“找模板”的放大镜点开,输入想要的关键字,我选了夏天。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WigydGgiMoQouIxGWIXcRapJnTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":758,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/924ae2570e724f1e8819af27735fea85","width":1080},"text":"","id":"QEw6dMKIioWomyxEzfIckw20nEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkuodQw4CogQo6xqPascXCN9nBu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、再根据自己喜欢的滤镜进行修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKSIdWg28oso4gxCIDLcmuYynCb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2056,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c53d0050b2e3427d80a6e4259dcc017e","width":1035},"text":"","id":"MeMidoyAOoIK60x4ZhucraQMnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、里面的“模糊”和“光影”这两个功能也很好用,看图效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IA4idACIeoow0QxIlJ9cKuytnnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b2c3cd86d9f340598a796350900a0272","width":1080},"text":"","id":"LkaKdeGwIoCcKMxWIjIcjzWHnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、原图和美图后的效果对比,是不是颜色更鲜亮好看了?而且添加了模糊和光影效果的图片,整体也更丰富了些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FE0ed4qg8oCmuQxAvi8cEHmjnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":536,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"懒人调色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7729bcaacf084aa58bf0543a042d27e5","width":1080},"text":"","id":"G4e0ds0GwousoqxOWU7cOviqnlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抠图换背景","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4wSdis2YoCAEaxmQGQcoiXsnfI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然PS抠图的方法有很多种,但对于不会用PS的朋友来说,似乎只能抠抠自己的手指头。但是不要怕,其实抠图早已不是PS的专利,很多手机APP都能轻松实现一键抠图,而且效果媲美PS。比如“一键抠图”的人物抠图、物品抠图都很好用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xws8daM0IoqEUIxIgVCcCaCRnD8"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":125,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"抠图换背景","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6f6d972ccbb47a382e3a7273cae96ea","width":376},"text":"","id":"GwKKd6GGeo0SKuxMtOccm2Kon4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上传照片后,软件就会对照片进行自动抠图,这是抠图前后效果对比图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaEydg8qEo4SwAxaNfRcsLFXnnb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2224,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"抠图换背景","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f7163c65198458fb06b5b35242541ee","width":2232},"text":"","id":"JIcqdGgiAocO20xE7wMcjaZxn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抠图后,在软件内,你还可以给人物换个自己喜欢的背景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yq6idoygGoiSgUxkJDkcjqxCnhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"抠图换背景","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85e6c4f1605a4140993e142cf33641a8","width":950},"text":"","id":"CWM0dOCwyoM8E6xY9sGcAP80nwh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"魔法换天空","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8yIduwiQoW4q8xo3WAc3rbNnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同样是使用一键抠图,如果想给自己的照片换个天空,打开一键抠图里的“魔法换天”功能,即可实现一键变换天空颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsISdGOYQoeAOex45Gnc6KrinOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"魔法换天空","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de4eaac2af99428cac99d8323ac8f9b9","width":1002},"text":"","id":"Mwggd0y8Wo6sYIxCqBzcfYYMnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图为前后效果对比图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QosqdW42kowi02xY3B2cWcqVnDh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"魔法换天空","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05631a6bfdbf441d94f9f15df0d7abf2","width":1692},"text":"","id":"UOkYdiMQOom0Aux6u3WcyJyunBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手机拍照软件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NW6MdkOoSosgEYxyuOMcuzHnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分享完了手机拍照技巧,这里再分享一下个人比较喜欢的手机拍照软件吧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A062duWqYoQKioxJq10cpqSjnPf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"人像类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X08Sdsq66oyiSuxQb33ciwCHn0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"轻颜相机:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"适合安卓及苹果系统,轻颜相机自拍绝对是一绝,尤其是滤镜的上妆功能,完全素颜的状态,用这个APP随手一拍就能拍出上了一套全妆效果的照片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VsOQdSo6IooW8Cxgb9LckD3cn0e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9fd308181bb745c2a441bb6c932ad1bf","width":1013},"text":"","id":"NoWkd6KyKoeGKgxMpPDc62W4nLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"无他相机:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"无他相机的那句“拍好不用P”真的太适合我这种懒癌患者了,随手一拍就能拍得又美又好看!里面的滤镜、贴纸我都很喜欢,而且还可以拍表情包,自己可以做一些“ok、拜拜、我来啦、谢谢”这样简单的表情包,聊天会更有意思!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGQYdSMAco0QkoxMjxkcWUPknzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e98adf97cb5e429fb9a078bf3234f8a8","width":1013},"text":"","id":"C6OGdyQGOoyI4GxchHbcu7YLn4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美食类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RI6UdSOEQoA4YMxeCzQcjMNwnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"吃了么相机:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这是一款好用的特效相机应用,可以让你轻松拍出酷炫又让人觉得很美味的美食大片,就算你不懂剪辑、不知道如何完美构图或者是不懂配乐等都没有关系,它一键帮你全搞定,吃日料?吃火锅?喝饮品?都没问题,里面拥有很丰富的模板,下载好之后按照提示使用操作即可,直接套模板,简单完事。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WmCSdWu0CouksoxA3tdcYZ64nkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1280,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"美食类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/908923b0bd97448a9d11210b37dbb5f6","width":1440},"text":"","id":"XikcdUeC6oyOCIx6MT4c3I9vnAl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Foodie:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这款软件必须是美食摄影控人手必备,是LINE推出的美食摄影专用app,用来专门拍食物并对食物添加合适的滤镜,画风清新,整体风格简洁。强大的美食滤镜功能是它最吸引人的地方,滤镜的风格有许多,有可供不同食物类别的滤镜哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZiECdYY2EoUqYAxmkQoc08hxnPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":932,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"美食类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/966b1dd1b6dc45db81842b7356465c44","width":800},"text":"","id":"M2Kad0e4aoaQ6kxUQnLc6A0YnP9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"风景类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MseYdukEcowOaaxQVJvcVHp4n8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Snapseed:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"要修一张风景图,首推Snapseed,这也是博主们常用的APP,它最厉害的地方是图片调节,很多曝光不足的照片都能靠它起死回生,后期还能保证图片的画质,可以说是废片拯救器。打开Snapseed的工具栏,里面的功能实在太强大了,亮度、对比度、饱和度、色调是最常用的几个功能,而且很好操作,轻轻滑动手指就能调出自己想要的效果。旅游博主比较常用的是HDR景观。尤其是遇到植物、建筑类的风景,HDR既能保留阳光照射下的细节,又能提亮暗部的细节,让整个画面更丰富。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VESSdE0E4oscKyx0idwczOSVnrh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

8. sac300是多少吨吊车

室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的,它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准,创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。

学习基础知识

刚接触室内装饰设计,需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识,比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识,这些都是需要学习的。

美术基础知识

室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识,包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等,我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介,受限于篇幅限制,提前给大家推荐一些学习资料:

10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

线条画法:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

明暗:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

构图:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

色彩:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了上面的这些资料,大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料,如我要自学网、b站等免费较多,勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。

透视

透视的基本原理:

视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象,就是形体透视。

透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。

关于透视的具体解说,大家也可以看下视频课程。

素描透视的认识:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

平行(一点)透视

物体与画面平行,底面与地面平行,视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象,为平行透视,只有一个消失点,又被称为一点透视。

成角(两点)透视

物体一面与地面平行,其他面与画面形成角度,叫成角透视,分别消失于两个余点,又可叫两点透视。

斜角透(三点)视

此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行,物体与视线形成角度,会形成延伸现象,并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视,为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛,即俯视物体,消失点在水平线之下。反之,仰视物体时,物体高于眼睛,消失点在水平线之上。

灭点:指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。

线条基本画法

任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的,画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。

直线:直线是最常用的一种线,它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握,而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力,画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。

竖线:竖线是较难画的一种线,在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂,重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。

曲线:曲线要根据画面情况而定,如果很细的图,为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。

折线:折线是线条中最难画的一种,有以下3种情况。

马克笔技法

平移:下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上,快速、果断的画出。

线:要用宽笔头的笔尖来画,每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。

点:一般用在画植物、草地等地方,活泼画面气氛,在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。

扫笔:在运笔时快速抬起笔,用笔触留下一条“尾巴”,多适用于浅色。

蹭笔:用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面,使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。

会出现的问题

运笔太慢:

纸没有完全压在笔上:

画的时候犹豫:

点的时候太过僵硬:

构图基本规律

构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系,是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。

构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节,在深入刻画之前,应该选择合适的视角,恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。

明暗

有光就有明暗。

通常光照射物体,会产生受光面、背光面、反光面,我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。

在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系,打好明暗交界线之后,用较浅的色调画大体的明暗,要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。

光线直线前进

放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。

任何物体离光源越远,光的影响越弱,颜色越暗色,这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。

光会反射

①反射光

每个物体的光反射率不同,物体的质感表现也会发生变化,反射率越低颜色越发黑,反射率越高颜色越高光。

②反射光

因为光线会反射,所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。

举例

球形的画法:

1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型,表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。

2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景,注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。

3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体,然后从明暗交界线逐步加强,使之在统一中寻找变化。

4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改,使画面节奏关系和谐统一。

色彩运用

色彩基本概念:

1、色相:表示色的特质,例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等,表示色彩相貌的差异。

2、明度:表示色彩的强度,即亮度和深浅程度,白色物体反射率最高,所以明度就最高,黑色物体则反之。

3、纯度:即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色,那么该色相的明度就会越来越高,而纯度越来越低;如果色彩不断混入黑色,它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。

冷色

青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调,具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉,我们称为冷色。

暖色

桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调,会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉,我们称为暖色。

充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间,改善空间效果。

而这些色彩的作用可以总结为:膨胀色和收缩色,前进色和后退色,上升色与下坠色。

暖色具有膨胀感,冷色具有收缩感:

小户型房屋设计的时候,家具选择收缩色,可以让家具显得更加小巧;而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大,比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。

暖色具有前进感,冷色具有后退感。

空间过高、走廊过长时,可用前进色,减弱空旷感;小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面,可以改善空间狭小感受。

浅色有上升感,深色有下坠感。

利用色彩的上升感和下坠感,把颜色重心放在地面,通过空间上的反差,可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小,层高低的户型运用这种装修风格,会让空间显得更大更敞亮。

我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:

背景色:面积最大的部分的颜色,即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色;

主色:空间内的主体的颜色,比如大件家具,客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色;

配色:一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色,比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩;

点缀色:体积最小,一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。

搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%,次要色彩占30%,辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。

同一空间配色不得超过三种,其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说,如果墙面是白色,那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。

进行色彩搭配时,我们需要用到色环,可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。

1、单色调搭配

以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调,可以取得宁静、安祥的效果,在进行单色调搭配时,要注意通过明度和亮度的变化,加强对比,也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂,让空间更加和谐。

2、相似色调搭配

相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色,在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色,如黄,橙、橙红,蓝,蓝紫、紫等,呈现比较柔和的质感,并调动明度纯度的比例对比,来达到高级质感配色。

3、互补色调搭配

互补色调也可以叫作对比色调,通过色环上的两个互补色,如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫,进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色,并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果,使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。

4、无彩色调搭配

全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配,是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式,非常平静素雅。在室内设计中,粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相,也可以认为是无彩色。

CAD基础知识

学习CAD要先学习工具,只有把工具学会了,在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。

下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法,如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。

CAD教程之基本工具的使用:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/

工具的使用

AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点,它已被广泛应用于设计领域,学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。

初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局,只有了解软件的界面布局,才能方便地与他人交流,才可以领会各种教程和技巧,在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。

不同版本的CAD界面基本类似,在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中,使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面,如下图所示。

后期版本,CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面,如下图所示。

其实两种界面并没有太大的差别,命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。

访问工具栏

工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能,如打开、保存、打印等,方便用户随时快速调用这些功能,可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏,将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头,可以显示一个菜单,可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令,也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令,如下图所示。

功能区选项卡

放置各种工具图标,用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能,根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡,每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡,对于初学者来说,“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。

功能面板

选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成,例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成,每个面板则由功能图标组成,图标有大有小,一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标,其他图标设置成小图标。

文件标签栏

显示文件的名称,当打开多个图纸文件时,可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸,也可以通过在标签上右键,保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了,AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。

图形窗口

创建、显示和编辑图形的区域,说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间,理论上无限大,也可以无限小,我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。

命令历史

命令行窗口的一部分,用于显示命令执行的历史,初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数,注意观察命令的提示和执行过程,有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令,如下图所示。

命令行

跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同,CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令(命令别名)来执行所有命令,命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令,会在功能区中点图标来执行命令,此时也要注意看命令行的提示,它可以引导我们完成命令,并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。

在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能,当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令,如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令,如下图所示。

命令历史和命令行是一个整体,叫命令行窗口,通常固定到底部,也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部,也可以关闭,用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。

模型布局标签

CAD分模型空间和布局空间,通常模型空间用来画图,布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多,初学者可以暂时不用管,后面还会详细介绍。

状态栏

状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标,然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具,例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等,通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具,此外,还有一些功能性按钮。

低版本状态栏按钮比较少,可以切换成文字显示,高版本状态栏图标太多,很多功能我们平时可能用不上,可以自己关掉一些,如下图所示。

特性面板(属性框)

CAD还有一些重要的界面控件,例如特性面板、图层特性等等,有些我们后面会专门介绍,这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性,对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭,快捷键是CTRL+1,有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板,如下图所示。

我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数,如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外,上面还有一些常规特性,如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性,这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性,这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形,这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。

CAD常用功能

常用CTRL,ALT快捷键

ALT+TK 如快速选择

ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口

ALT+MUP提取轮廓

Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)

Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上

Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)

Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)

Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令

Ctrl+K: 超级链接

Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件

Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框

Ctrl+O:打开图象文件

Ctrl+P:打开打印对话框

Ctrl+S:保存文件

Ctrl+U:极轴模式控制(F10)

Ctrl+v:粘贴剪贴板上的内容

Ctrl+W:对象追 踪式控制(F11)

Ctrl+X:剪切所选择的内容

Ctrl+Y:重做

Ctrl+Z:取消前一步的操作

Ctrl+1:打开特性对话框

Ctrl+2:打开图象资源管理器

Ctrl+3:打开工具选项板

Ctrl+6:打开图象数据原子

Ctrl+8或QC:快速计算器

尺寸标注

DRA:半径标注

DDI:直径标注

DAL:对齐标注

DAN:角度标注

END:捕捉到端点

MID:捕捉到中点

INT:捕捉到交点

CEN:捕捉到圆心

QUA:捕捉到象限点

TAN:捕捉到切点

PER:捕捉到垂足

NOD:捕捉到节点

NEA:捕捉到最近点

AA:测量区域和周长(area)

ID:指定坐标

LI:指定集体(个体)的坐标

AL:对齐(align)

AR: 阵列(array)

AP:加载*lsp程系

AV:打开视图对话框(dsviewer)

SE:打开对象自动捕捉对话框

ST:打开字体设置对话框(style)

SO:绘制二围面( 2d solid)

SP:拼音的校核(spell)

SC:缩放比例 (scale)

SN:栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)

DT:文本的设置(dtext)

DI:测量两点间的距离

OI:插入外部对象

LE:引线标注

ST:单行文本输入

La:图层管理器

绘图命令

A:绘圆弧

B:定义块

C:画圆

D:尺寸资源管理器

E:删除

F:倒圆角

G:对象组合

H:填充

I:插入

J:对接

S:拉伸

T:多行文本输入

W:定义块并保存到硬盘中

L:直线

M:移动

X:炸开

V:设置当前坐标

U:恢复上一次操作

O:偏移

P:移动

Z:缩放

提高效率技巧

1、作图步骤:设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。

2、绘图始终使用1:1比例。为改变图样的大小,可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。

3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽,而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。

4、需精确绘图时,可使用栅格捕捉功能,并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。

5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中,应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入,然后打印出图。

6、对于有名对象,如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等,命名时不仅要简明,而且要遵循一定的规律,以便于查找和使用。

7、将一些常用设置,如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF),以后绘制新图时,可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它,并开始绘图。

下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例,大家可以看看。

3ds max基础知识

3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具,它功能繁多,所有操作都可以在界面中找到。

打开3dmax后,我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分,如图所示。

各部分介绍如下

①菜单栏:很多功能都在菜单栏中,可以执行相应的操作。

②主工具栏:提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。

③功能区:包含一组工具,可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。

④视口:可从多个角度显示场景,并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。

⑤状态栏控件:显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。

⑥动画控件:可以创建动画,并在视口内播放动画。

⑦命令面板:可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。

⑧时间尺:可拖动时间尺,查看动画效果。

⑨视口导航:使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。

⑩场景资源管理器:可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。

菜单栏

菜单栏位于窗口的最上方,每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项,分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】,如图所示。

1、【文件】菜单

在【文件】菜单中,会出现很多操作文件的命令,包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。

2、【编辑】菜单

在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作,如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。

3、【工具】菜单

在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作,如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等,更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。

4、【组】菜单

【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起,还可以解组、打开组等操作。

5、【视图】菜单

【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。

6、【创建】菜单

在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象,更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。

7、【修改器】菜单

在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器,更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。

8、【动画】菜单

【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画,包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。

9、【图形编辑器】菜单

【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合,包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。

10、【渲染】菜单

在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能,如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。

11、【Civil View】菜单

【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。

12、【自定义】菜单

【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。

13、【脚本】菜单

在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计,包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。

14、【帮助】菜单

在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。

主工具栏

主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框,主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面,这些工具按钮按照具体功能,大致可以划分为11大类。

1、撤销和重做工具

在3dmax中操作失误时,可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作(快捷键为Ctrl+Z),也可单击重做向后返回一步。

2、链接绑定类工具

链接绑定类工具包括3个,分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。

【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系,链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。

【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反,可断开链接好的父子关系。

【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。

3、对象选择类工具

对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个,分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。

使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象(例如灯光对象),不容易操作出错。

【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象,按住Ctrl键可以进行加选,按住Alt键可以进行减选。

单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框,在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。

选择区域工具包含5种模式,分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。

【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时,是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态(即未激活状态)时,只要选择的区域碰到对象,即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态(即激活状态)时,选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象,才可被选择。

4、对象操作类工具

对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作,如移动、选择、缩放等,是一些非常常用的工具。

使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。

【选择并缩放】工具包含3种,分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。

使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面,例如把凳子放在地上。

【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作(如移动、旋转、缩放等)所使用的坐标系统,包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。

【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种,使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。

使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。

使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组(如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等)快捷键之间进行切换。

5、精准类工具

精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确,包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。

【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。

【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度(快捷键为A键)。激活该工具后,角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换,在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。

【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比(快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P),在缩放状态下,默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。

【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。

6、选择集类工具

选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。

【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后,单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框,在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。

【管理选择集】工具,并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集,此时可以单击该工具选择集,如图所示。

7、镜像对齐类工具

镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具,这两个工具是比较常用的,可以准确的复制和对齐模型。

使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。

对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具,对齐工具包括6种类型,分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。

【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。

【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。

【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象,以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。

【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。

【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。

8、资源管理器类工具

资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具,分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。

【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象,还提供了其他功能,用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。

【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层,也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。

9、视图类工具

切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。

【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具,该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏,如图所示。

【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式,可以用曲线来表示运动。

【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图,通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。

10、材质编辑器工具

【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。

11、渲染类工具

渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具,分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。

【渲染设置】按钮(快捷键为F10)可以打开【渲染设置】对话框,所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。

【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框,在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。

【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。

功能区

单击主工具栏中的(切换功能区)按钮,即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的,如图所示。

视口

3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口,默认情况下视口包括4部分,分别是顶视图(快捷键为T)、前视图(快捷键为F)、左视图(快捷键为L)、透视图(快捷键为P),如图所示。

例如,单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标,模型会转动到左侧,并且视图左上方变成了【正交】,若想再次切换回【前视图】,则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来,如图所示。

单击视图左上方的四个按钮,能分别弹出四个对话框,可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等,如图所示。

状态栏控件

状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方,它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息,并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息,如图所示。

迷你侦听器:用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器,它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。

状态栏:此处可显示选中了几个对象。

提示行:此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。

孤立当前选择切换:单击该按钮将只选择该对象。

选择锁定切换:单击该按钮可以锁定该对象,此时其他对象将无法选择。

绝对模式变换输入:单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。

相对/绝对变换输入:可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。

自适应降级:启用该工具,在操作场景时会更流畅。

栅格:此处显示栅格数值。

时间标记:单击可以添加和编辑标记。

动画控件

动画控件位于状态栏的右侧,这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果,包括关键点控制和时间控制等,如图所示。

命令面板

命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成,使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能,以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具,3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板,如图所示。

进入【创建】面板,其中包括7种对象,分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】,如图所示。

几何体:用来创建几何体模型,如长方体、球体等。

图形:用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线,如线、圆、矩形等。

灯光:用来创建场景中的灯光,如目标灯光、泛光灯。

摄影机:用来创建场景中的摄影机。

辅助对象:用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。

空间扭曲:用来创建空间扭曲对象,常搭配粒子使用。

系统:用来创建系统工具,如骨骼、环形阵列等。

【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数,还可以为对象添加修改器。

【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具,通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接,可以创建对象之间的父子关系,包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。

【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。

【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。

【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序,例如塌陷、测量等。

时间尺

【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分,如图所示。

时间线滑块:位于3dmax界面下方,拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置,还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。

轨迹栏:位于【时间线滑块】下方,用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。

视口导航

视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧,主要用来控制视图的显示和导航,使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图,如图所示。

缩放:使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。

视野:使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。

缩放所有视图:使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。

平移视图:使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。

最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中,快捷键为Z。

环绕子对象:使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。

所有视图最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。

最大化视口切换:单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。

3ds max快捷键

显示降级适配(开关) 【O】

适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】

排列 【Alt】+【A】

角度捕捉(开关) 【A】

动画模式 (开关) 【N】

改变到后视图 【K】

背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】

前一时间单位 【.】

改变到上(Top)视图 【T】

改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】

改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】

改变到前(Front)视图 【F】

改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】

改变到右(Right)视图 【R】

改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】

循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】

默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】

删除物体 【DEL】

当前视图暂时失效 【D】

是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】

显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】

专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】

暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】

取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】

冻结所选物体 【6】

跳到第一帧 【HOME】

显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】

显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】

显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】

显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】

显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】

显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】

显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】

锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】

匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】

材质(Material)编辑器【M】

最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】

脚本编辑器 【F11】

新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】

法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】

向下轻推网格小键盘【-】

向上轻推网格小键盘【+】

NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】

NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】

NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】

偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】

打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】

平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】

交互式平移视图 【I】

放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】

播放/停止动画 【/】

快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】

刷新所有视图 【1】

用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】

渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】

在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】

约束到X轴 【F5】

约束到Y轴 【F6】

透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】

选择父物体 【PageUp】

选择子物体 【PageDown】

根据名称选择物体 【H】

选择锁定(开关) 【空格】

减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】

显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】

显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】

显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】

显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】

显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】

显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】

显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】

显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】

百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】

打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】

循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】

声音(开关) 【\】

间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】

改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】

循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】

子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】

帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】

加大动态坐标 【+】

减小动态坐标 【-】

激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】

精确输入转变量 【F12】

全部解冻 【7】

根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】

刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】

显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】

视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】

用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】

打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】

虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】

虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】

虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】

虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】

虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】

虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】

实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】

全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】

缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】

放大镜工具 【Z】

视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】

根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】

视窗交互式放大 【[】

视窗交互式缩小 【]】

轨迹视图

加入(Add)关键帧 【A】

前一时间单位 【<;】

下一时间单位 【>;】

编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】

编辑区域模式 【F3】

编辑时间模式 【F2】

展开对象(Object)切换 【O】

展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】

函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】

锁定所选物体 【空格】

向上移动高亮显示 【↓】

向左轻移关键帧 【←】

向右轻移关键帧 【→】

位置区域模式 【F4】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】

向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】

材质编辑器

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

示意(Schematic)视图

下一时间单位 【>;】

前一时间单位 【<;】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

绘制(Draw)区域 【D】

渲染(Render) 【R】

锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】

草图大师基础

sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件,也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师,因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距,但是也是一款比较直观、灵活,易用的软件。

软件基础知识

我们想要掌握一款软件,那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具,命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括,二维的绘图工具,有画直线,矩形,圆,圆弧,多边形和手绘线等,然后是模型的编辑工具移动,旋转,缩放,推拉,路径跟随,偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具,最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。

下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用:

打开一个SketchUp文件,点按工具栏,环绕观察命令,在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。

第2步,在其他工具下,如果想进行环绕观察,可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动,同样也可以实现环绕观察。

第3步居中显示,在任意工具下,单击鼠标滚轮,都可以让点击位置居中显示。

第4步,点按工具栏上的手型,也就是平移工具,然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布,可以实现画布的平移。

第5步,在其他工具下,按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布,也可以实现画布的平移。

第6步,按下缩放工具后,在界面上按下鼠标左键,向上拖动放大显示界面,向下拖动会缩减显示界面,也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。

第7步,点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面,该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。

第8步,这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。

详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程:

Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/

下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模

1、建模前的准备工作

一般我们的景观方案确定好后,就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面,如图1,但是图1的cad化的平面,最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的,简化后的cad线稿,如图2。

图1

图2

2、CAD线稿整理

①另存一个cad

命名不能用中文,因为汉字和字母的算法不一样,SU可能识别出错。

②炸开组件

将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件,可能是用天正等软件绘制,导入SU后会消失。

③删除一些影响平面整体性的线

再删除字体、标高,雕塑,景石,坐凳,灯具,铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。

④线条高度归零

SU是在一个平面上面建模的,所以线条需要统一标高。

⑤归同一个图层

将所以线条归在同一个图层,方便后面清理cad。

⑥pu清理cad

清理cad其他图层,目的减少cad内存,导入su的时候不占太多内存。

3、SU建模前的整理

①SU开始界面

SU开始界面,会让我们选择一个模板,这里以2015版本为例,我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。

②导入cad线稿

SU导入cad的时候,会出现一个窗口,右边选项,记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3

③炸开线稿

④线稿封面

一般需要用到插件(胚子库)来封面,可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5

图3

图4

图5

4、SU建模

①正面建模

Su有正反面之分,正面为白色,反面为蓝色,模型外面需要是正面,为了导入lumion渲染的时候,可以识别,lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。

②成组(组件)建模

按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件,目的是为了方便后期修改,不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。

③贴材质

材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用,也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6

④放置建筑

模型大体完成,这样就可以进入lumion渲染,如果目前只需要su出图的话,再进行第五步

⑤放置植物,人物,小品

SU出图效果也不错,放置一些植物,人物,小品来营造氛围

⑥植物配置

植物配置方式有多种形式,总结来说就是二个字“层次”。

图6

关于sketchup建模的课程,大家可以看看以下视频学习以下:

最简单的3D建模软件:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

从0到1,手把手带你学会SU建模:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

软件的快捷键

掌握快捷键知识,可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便,相对来说是一种进阶的知识。

学习资料推荐

《建筑装饰制图与识图(第4版)》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用,介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例,便于读者对照学习。

《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》

《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》

《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品,涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型,其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异,有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。

室内设计过程

室内设计的过程分为三个阶段,策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。

策划阶段

1、由甲方或业主提出要求,比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。

2、需要现场勘测,收集原始土建图纸资料。

3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图,草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。

方案阶段

1、在概念草图的基础上,深入设计,进行方案的分析和比较,比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。

2、与土建和装修的前后衔接,图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。

施工图阶段

1、装修施工图

①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表;

②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图;

③立面图、剖面图

④大样图、详图

2、设备施工图

①给排水:系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋;

②电气:强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控;

③暖通:系统、空调布置

室内设计风格

现代风格

现代风格以流线型为主要设计,这种风格以平滑的表面,精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”,采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料,与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。

工业风格

工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新,工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名,即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件,这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调,和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明,与粗犷的空间形成对比。

北欧风格

这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上,我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片,它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。

日式北欧融合

自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点,与之不同的是,北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主,偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合,就形成了经典的美学。

复古风格

随着审美的发展,设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格,这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感,常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。

地中海风格

地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征,与蓝色和绿色形成对比,代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料,如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目,此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。

极简主义设计

极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁,体现了“少即是多”的主张。

中式复古风格

中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰,装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。

中式装修在选材上也很是讲究,因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分,大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋,这样既温馨自然,也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。

在装饰品方面,最好都有中国元素在里面,像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择,还可以加入一些盆栽,使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局,讲究对称美,中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。

新中式风格

新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。

简约中式风格

中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间,不会有中式那种沉闷,也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是,不奢华,又不失品味。每一个房间,甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。

室内设计原则

1、 整体性设计原则:保证室内空间协调一致的美感;

2、 功能性设计原则:空间的使用功能如布局,界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一;

3、 审美性设计原则:通过形,色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感;

4、 技术性设计原则:一是比例尺度关系;二是材料应用和施工配合的关系;

5、 经济性设计原则:以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。

学习资料推荐

学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材,然后再配合视频教程系统学习,这样才能学的比较好。

教材:

1、《色彩构成》

2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者:伊莱恩·格里芬

本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯,不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理,这些秘密很难在实践中学会

3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者:艾莉斯·芭珂丽

这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室,宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房,探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪,创造不同的氛围。

4、《室内设计资料集》作者:张启曼,郑树阳

本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发,既有丰富的理论指导,又有丰富的实践设计,包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。

视频课程:

室内设计零基础入门教程https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

彻底学会3DMAXhttps://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了以上的学习方法,我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习,如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的,它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准,创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMad2QeYoWSUCx8jP8cgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsI2Ko8iiUxmQA3czsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计,需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识,比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识,这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AW28duoIWowUuUx0okZczK3Enpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS0KdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识,包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等,我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介,受限于篇幅限制,提前给大家推荐一些学习资料:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Uqday2woGKaIxiQNkcjxGun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8cqdYceGo0ykkxOiJycSmspn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gaomdqu2aoIsOOxEBgkcwMC1nuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcC8dG4gOo22gMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQ0yWoMwQwxu6Enckp0pngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUo8iuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料,大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料,如我要自学网、b站等免费较多,勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSA0xctQpcbs3mnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ge8gd2YacoGmKexgbW0cIUcan1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdcc0Yo2wgIxjllccn5EEnb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象,就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow2wdc0kSoSOeOx8G4ZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8q0dokSAom4ykx0aPncNOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说,大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQ2cyoGQa8x2R67cD5iJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46gdCgI6oUSG4xaU3UcLu3xnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行(一点)透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudi4UyoEMcIxOIlgcL67in1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行,底面与地面平行,视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象,为平行透视,只有一个消失点,又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoY0mgxQ5L1cAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角(两点)透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOy0d2uMuo4ymgxx243c1PYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行,其他面与画面形成角度,叫成角透视,分别消失于两个余点,又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdE6EQo4Y8oxSGhuco3iRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透(三点)视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUc2GoMSukxgRo6cBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行,物体与视线形成角度,会形成延伸现象,并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视,为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛,即俯视物体,消失点在水平线之下。反之,仰视物体时,物体高于眼睛,消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGa4cxmAEccuJ28nzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点:指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2qkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcP3tcnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透(三点)视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd49053a44b64632be7f9ed76cd77468","width":1080},"text":"","id":"NC6wdMqquo8YYsxBBuTcGqV7nbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQw6dyGYko8oWSxYjEUc1bTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSd2mCCoEu8Kxs3sBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的,画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUd0KQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线:直线是最常用的一种线,它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握,而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力,画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMm8duOSooYMuixkVTOcm14bnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/12073ea963f14e6ea8724ca7365f8df5","width":300},"text":"","id":"TQcqdC0OgoOYWcxuWtUc3VW8nlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖线:竖线是较难画的一种线,在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂,重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsKCdg6WioAwkCxYNPpcgp8vnRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0e4cbc4073747a1852a013f13c633cc","width":357},"text":"","id":"EOykdSCUEoMuE8xq02ecEteEnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲线:曲线要根据画面情况而定,如果很细的图,为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICwGdE2cQocm8ox0K7gcYhgjnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60de58da27164c1bbe91ca1ea76350e9","width":292},"text":"","id":"RoE4dYksYoWiKsx4CqjcPnV3nhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"折线:折线是线条中最难画的一种,有以下3种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYIAdKWMyoq2qwxQbcacuomhngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c6fb382f6764e2f900a0b12bbef4522","width":522},"text":"","id":"Fyswd6Eg8o8wEux4cpzcaznwnRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2WOdeAImoUAm0xQDGZcy8HSn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移:下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上,快速、果断的画出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaIIdyGGEoaQKqxEP1bcpkM6nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":113,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3f4e12ffaab401cb9fc869a1102e359","width":184},"text":"","id":"VKwMdme0qoMEwmxiS2scRTz8nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线:要用宽笔头的笔尖来画,每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCYCd4AOgoq0eMxmcCxcJKm9nHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":69,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcfb0affb1e347cf8fd3e7d169642984","width":230},"text":"","id":"WE8OdKQawoYs2ExyOCFchAlEn7S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点:一般用在画植物、草地等地方,活泼画面气氛,在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCcCdUweCosCS2xg1DOcnnfanSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42931fdb5a4048c6a7a5af94260a454d","width":244},"text":"","id":"NWmUds0MUoicMexmcYqcjtHonQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"扫笔:在运笔时快速抬起笔,用笔触留下一条“尾巴”,多适用于浅色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuU2d0K0Mo624qxYnYhcKLF2neb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":87,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7acc96e58f06411a87735bad64a2ff86","width":212},"text":"","id":"SE0kdc886oC4aGxIhPncSyRrnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蹭笔:用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面,使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKy6dSAoAoAwgwxwBk2cZVENnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9095546aaf1e4df094c3c2c3aa4982f7","width":278},"text":"","id":"FeOcduuMeoseo4xCuDPcqGqTn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会出现的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4qcdEM08ocagkxgt2ScriOpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔太慢:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkWodmEauoUq2exeAw5cMs1onqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44cb89581cba4ec594c3863c32ce800f","width":193},"text":"","id":"O8ESdA2MSocesWxMrJbc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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEd40i0ouUSExozh3cxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9929650c8e5c4542b783dec2c1b99e47","width":720},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUcNHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感,冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOo8U2exAFzucizssn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f2dd205d2ce4e23a875b562e4487b4c","width":720},"text":"","id":"OG6EdQGQeo4oKAx0ml7cmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时,可用前进色,减弱空旷感;小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面,可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSC2oMWu8xk5yrclAhPn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed2cdc8deab84a1bbce77f7bfbe004b7","width":720},"text":"","id":"UQ2gdekw4osY2ex4RxAcrG9WnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 浅色有上升感,深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoU4Kos24kxIgK6cfsQOn8B"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b0c10703afa4192a2d6aafc30d96aa5","width":720},"text":"","id":"E684ds4Cmos2AuxCaF3cH9qQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感,把颜色重心放在地面,通过空间上的反差,可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小,层高低的户型运用这种装修风格,会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq0QdqyyKo8uSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9b685c6a91e14064997bca5f9810e00e","width":720},"text":"","id":"QESOd4CImo86YgxEXSXc65DanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcS8dS0o8oucG0xwTu4cJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色:面积最大的部分的颜色,即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsW6d8oeSoMaOgx85Ftc7KASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色:空间内的主体的颜色,比如大件家具,客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYd4uoSoGI02xW2uZc86qxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色:一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色,比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdE4W6oogiwxOQDecCmoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色:体积最小,一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmx88VncJE1Rnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%,次要色彩占30%,辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQ6ieoIcaYxoxQUcM4kVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03ab520fe17d4b8eb5d2dccaef674157","width":720},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMex0yNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOd6aYqoIeGix8H5Mcp9wAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种,其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说,如果墙面是白色,那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig4od0a2Mo6MU2xuSXWc42xKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时,我们需要用到色环,可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNcChwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWu8xY1incSbinn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a2e4ed8908a4d9e8a0c97767df15ba2","width":720},"text":"","id":"SmKgdc0aQoKSqwxUtl3cHzx8nVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4WgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVr5nKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdW02coOcSux2H18cESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调,可以取得宁静、安祥的效果,在进行单色调搭配时,要注意通过明度和亮度的变化,加强对比,也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂,让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoS64okA06xcFrPcikM5nRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dafd3fc1bdf545f3b33e0669675ec730","width":720},"text":"","id":"WKyGda6aqogeUUxotMtc1AT2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmed28GGo04mqxCUyWc93A1ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色,在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色,如黄,橙、橙红,蓝,蓝紫、紫等,呈现比较柔和的质感,并调动明度纯度的比例对比,来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQ6Gdiowwoaicmx8udZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a571f941d974bcdad6b9423305f28ae","width":720},"text":"","id":"CqsOd6Oi6oeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSo0dWgu8oo04OxCaokc4a31ndq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调,通过色环上的两个互补色,如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫,进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色,并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果,使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6wdicM0oAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8223bca56415445db2bb07ff19141555","width":720},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcF3pc7AJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、无彩色调搭配 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMd6Ie6oMi42xIfG9cZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配,是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式,非常平静素雅。在室内设计中,粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相,也可以认为是无彩色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K82md0M4KoOCKQxqgJwc7FIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9db4f5225c964cf4961187d984e566d9","width":720},"text":"","id":"BiMwdQiIAo48kkxs9CGcEO2gnPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"CAD基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QA8wdUIGAo8gCoxiYPxc1nutnbE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习CAD要先学习工具,只有把工具学会了,在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoeMdYuCiomiWgx0yHjcKljanPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法,如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWeadsIcaoSCIix0S5PcFJu5nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD教程之基本工具的使用:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2EadGkCyoqG0kxwxSFcG0L1nAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsiEdK4Kuom8IIxCwW0cOhKQnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点,它已被广泛应用于设计领域,学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K800doQyCoqQkmxCg6Ucq6Osnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局,只有了解软件的界面布局,才能方便地与他人交流,才可以领会各种教程和技巧,在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4KmdEw0AoQOIsxIVrBckDdhnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同版本的CAD界面基本类似,在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中,使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zy6MdqSGOoAy2exKKQMcLTTIncp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/026cc2fa251b461b8fecb0023aeef9c1","width":947},"text":"","id":"YukKdgEsgo0gEOxiKsAc8Hr1n2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期版本,CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EakAdy6y6oSWeGxmavEcipADnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7dd680011db34a859553d7d1b12355f6","width":1319},"text":"","id":"YeUcdEkOMoaWuuxW6VWcV9s7nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实两种界面并没有太大的差别,命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUwSdkUscoagI4xYvOjcEhkVnnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JaGUdq0m6oyoCmxmmtPclPZdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能,如打开、保存、打印等,方便用户随时快速调用这些功能,可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏,将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头,可以显示一个菜单,可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令,也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMQdoo2YooWiWxK8TKcyLCanKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69e1c56446154d799eaca6466223b9f3","width":445},"text":"","id":"IMsmdeSagouQWCxYtTwck71Bn9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma20dC048oe22UxIJdmcDjIEnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置各种工具图标,用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能,根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡,每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡,对于初学者来说,“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hs4mdCOKwoc0GwxsLSycZIi1nhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TASGdeqAGoCI20xgxVDclME4ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成,例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成,每个面板则由功能图标组成,图标有大有小,一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标,其他图标设置成小图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcqOdcGwGoCmQAxIXghcxRvVnQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文件标签栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iWdIUecouMMYxMRuicaJ2lnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示文件的名称,当打开多个图纸文件时,可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸,也可以通过在标签上右键,保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了,AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyIud42CeooCUGxOQHvcAMoXnde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiYAdsC6qoCq4CxCuVuc0A9LnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建、显示和编辑图形的区域,说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间,理论上无限大,也可以无限小,我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fio4dA26Yoq2Gexya8NcD32wn2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaqkdI0esoqQeUxgFaHcnhexn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行窗口的一部分,用于显示命令执行的历史,初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数,注意观察命令的提示和执行过程,有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI6KdqKQYoe8oExwlC4c8o64nKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":221,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6881644484948e4acacb752ebfd5f51","width":696},"text":"","id":"RikKdaiksoKeuwxygNicQ1U6nDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OymEdWyqWokgwsxWWmDcVJMjnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同,CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令(命令别名)来执行所有命令,命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令,会在功能区中点图标来执行命令,此时也要注意看命令行的提示,它可以引导我们完成命令,并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCwsdA4yso228gxAZXhc8dMvnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能,当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令,如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYmEdIKkqo4sckxQvelcRiaSnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":219,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a80d6a4ecc4c4efc9c426c970ba0aabf","width":342},"text":"","id":"XQcyd0UikoskYOxMrQ1cNXmFn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4ysdakoioUQeux2NADcyBcNnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史和命令行是一个整体,叫命令行窗口,通常固定到底部,也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部,也可以关闭,用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyAdk2SMocMesx6ZbQcYMcYnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型布局标签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsK2duQ08oesGoxgr7XcsqFDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD分模型空间和布局空间,通常模型空间用来画图,布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多,初学者可以暂时不用管,后面还会详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Ckd2aEEo2w26xQ2CEcg1q1nI6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S62GdM6qooeYUMxaomScGcQRnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标,然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具,例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等,通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具,此外,还有一些功能性按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQc2dKSuCoiKkgxS091cVlftnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低版本状态栏按钮比较少,可以切换成文字显示,高版本状态栏图标太多,很多功能我们平时可能用不上,可以自己关掉一些,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcIsdgCgioCUCgxnBVMcMYrCnyj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":823,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3009299108a34086a01c40409b179a0c","width":189},"text":"","id":"HuEMd8ccyoUiK2xaE2ucieJ4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiQmdi6iIoYmICxYpjFczaV5nVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板(属性框)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8QYdCCu2okOMUxmoGjcd9bnnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD还有一些重要的界面控件,例如特性面板、图层特性等等,有些我们后面会专门介绍,这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性,对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭,快捷键是CTRL+1,有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板,如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LC0ydW6mIoA6iyxkPrAcsYewnEP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":613,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板(属性框)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b712104fc88e4c09a93c1651fbe87da4","width":726},"text":"","id":"HAwSdgc8EoCmgQxYHEcc203Lnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数,如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外,上面还有一些常规特性,如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性,这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性,这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形,这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Womwd8kYmoO006xUfyXcYFTbnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD常用功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcI4d0aYIoaowyxMjiXc6oYnnFr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用CTRL,ALT快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoiWdGwEEoAsCwxmQmucurWFnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+TK 如快速选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUAOd840goIwIQxItLvcTgaCnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AU86dgEcqoAO8MxMFejcmk6inMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+MUP提取轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JIModUk6ao2Gg8xfBQfcG3mWncU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8O8dgAWgok4iwxa4XhcdheNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgkcdigcWoOiCAxKq5DcjhsHnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6SidYuksoQMggxucXOcFZ5jnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6QGdy600owcOGxWcNHchjxznWY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOoAdAWGGoKoUaxoFc9cjw4zneh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+K: 超级链接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8YqdAAY0oqa8sxQfS4c0r5JnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zmm4d2cSYoa4c2xai9Tcw1rUnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+M: 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max基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0eUduSmIougGYxMvj7cbdCmnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具,它功能繁多,所有操作都可以在界面中找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYkkdy6MOoKE0QxyExpcflernKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开3dmax后,我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyCGdeS4ooQWkaxIHescsGHonge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca439185a5bc406b81ca9623ba0c5b0f","width":946},"text":"","id":"RK8Qd2IAWoyWI0xK2Secz0qTnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各部分介绍如下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H60Ydkwamo0YeGxIF5DcpqQGnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①菜单栏:很多功能都在菜单栏中,可以执行相应的操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsoMdWECSogg2WxG4Wdcq2C9nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②主工具栏:提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIudC4ksoocAWxSAsXc492Bnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③功能区:包含一组工具,可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FemmdmaI2oA2wux8DvucDsOun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④视口:可从多个角度显示场景,并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ui6AdmmWooUwy6xwCYVcDayanUH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤状态栏控件:显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoWidKW42omG4Gxewijca5WCnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑥动画控件:可以创建动画,并在视口内播放动画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWUOdM46ioQUA6xkn8AcdmpAn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑦命令面板:可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUMUd4sY0o4SCSxGqGVcPilVnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑧时间尺:可拖动时间尺,查看动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMqgd6iymoqsG4xsvGbccj27nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑨视口导航:使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSiIdA8OAoSy02xwdp4cZSQbnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑩场景资源管理器:可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0I0dYmCaoccQExsn0ncPC58nIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWMkdW2yoo6aS6xg9aEcA8dBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏位于窗口的最上方,每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项,分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ci6cdGYguoUkyQx4cRxcBV9EnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":89,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d8f4aeebd744db1bb7b25af71b95449","width":858},"text":"","id":"FCeOd8MmIoMmkixyqYtcEYjhnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、【文件】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HS4sdsKWioC4uoxIBBUc4I6Nnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【文件】菜单中,会出现很多操作文件的命令,包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VceOdUYMoom0G8x89D3cQ8LCn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、【编辑】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YASgdWsWgouOGixsxt2cgfyXnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作,如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8kKdEGkAoWiWCxIN57cRqehnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、【工具】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIadco4koE0WYxKYedcaQTZnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作,如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等,更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCsSdgmW8o0MWyx2XtccITBwnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58b10ff0da754ec4b59675e353493dde","width":1075},"text":"","id":"KiuEdycE0o00yGx257QcTHD7nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、【组】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6a4dsqyyokgiQxINTBc0WsLnEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起,还可以解组、打开组等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VigEdIA6QoaAKcx4B7EcsWmnn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、【视图】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XE2SdQOwWokQWkxWiotcaPqSnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIqYdqOaGoiO2OxgpApcyukPnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、【创建】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4MEdMKQQo0Oc6x2vrac1Bnkn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象,更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4Ucdee4mouKsaxUrJ5c3UjxnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e35f17a689c495d954e8f648610d83d","width":997},"text":"","id":"IgyGdwIm6oUQ4Gx026scpWSnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、【修改器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEuedOU8io6sWAxqUzXcU2y5nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器,更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VS0SdQAogoAOYQxmKVWc3YSrnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、【动画】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8UAdIukeoCoamxiGWQchx6RnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画,包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0iodg6SCoMecKxEhdzcyk4anBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xc2OdGkwCoMwKSxe2iwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合,包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdk862oGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":887,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ada83e3040d4345a9c1691676fb7fe3","width":1363},"text":"","id":"C2kWdWK2UoS6WuxgH7rcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdm4cso2wEyxQRapcx27gnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能,如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxo5DMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、【Civil View】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdi4IAoQ6e0xMH3oc9MHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdg488oyQEoxhaaYct89rnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYd280YooUq0xYbe4cWn3TnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxT9cntQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb8ab8300e9645309ef165fcacc5f583","width":1101},"text":"","id":"P2CSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJ3nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6gsd00iGo0EwWx4NDGcY55wnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计,包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4MadgMY2o6YO8xYRt1cGb7ynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsU2dSUOwog0GoxCuPocOyZ3npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ES2Edya0mo2su8xTvThcCwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb32dd92ce7e4b1a8725e99a3cfb3634","width":1008},"text":"","id":"BW0sduomAoo42Sxq4mJc0L2sn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q06GdymU2o6uEGx6XejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框,主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面,这些工具按钮按照具体功能,大致可以划分为11大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMad8cuGo62KWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeq8sxs9g2cnBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3dmax中操作失误时,可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作(快捷键为Ctrl+Z),也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYa8dG0UsoCm2Uxw3Abcdgq2nyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycx4jxScSi3dn35"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括3个,分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma2WdoGCmo0SimxeeV0c1X2inje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系,链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8c6dgOguomaEQxj2KXca3WLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反,可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMG2xGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoK6okWuQxkN8bcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lg0adu0eOoOEmwxoDv2cdWSNn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个,分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQ62doi2moMwYixmC9wcjL8ynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象(例如灯光对象),不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudo4m2oKkagxQVcIc4NPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象,按住Ctrl键可以进行加选,按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkeqdqu6AoumQMxMBE1ch06lnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框,在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSo8ikcxuq7ScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含5种模式,分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8qwdMcO4oiOIgx0uJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时,是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态(即未激活状态)时,只要选择的区域碰到对象,即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态(即激活状态)时,选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象,才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdU8K8oqUWYxYtNtcd4hlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiC8OoSgcmxY9kxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作,如移动、选择、缩放等,是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydA0MeoO2SUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yeikdo0uKoMqMAxCcxtcnEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含3种,分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGk0uoe0UCx4hhPcVhj4nhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面,例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSe0dOsEQoaCAixoD6pc6putnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作(如移动、旋转、缩放等)所使用的坐标系统,包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIs2dcGAuoYUmux4nNwc4W4Gn7Q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种,使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGk80oGie6xM1Xac2X9Tn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcs2d2GioogGw2xAncScRfwMn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组(如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等)快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcd2sEsog0cuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H00WdKsU4oIWKsxg1dCcOB6BnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确,包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiI8uoAmyWxwpcocxbw4nNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2Cmd6MegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度(快捷键为A键)。激活该工具后,角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换,在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMO2moki2ixUdiYc7RbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比(快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P),在缩放状态下,默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouy8mxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgid2KYcoo2UkxsYKFcs6ulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOId4COeo224AxKAK0cVHOfn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuo0IQ4xgtRacv2Zvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后,单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框,在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQ2eowkumxk12PcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具,并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集,此时可以单击该工具选择集,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0Agd4IICo2SqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4kodGiK2oEymcxfsQZc5ihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具,这两个工具是比较常用的,可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqq6Ux4ukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6U2daAwAoSa08xOEj2cyE3ynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具,对齐工具包括6种类型,分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSm2xo7FlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sagkd8Sg4o8eMKxY15HcFwfwn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0GQdCcuooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象,以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcS2D0nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wc0qdo8sco4Ksmxg0yhc8jFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmST7cZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yy0WdAmOyoq0uexKA7ZcGUPjn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具,分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WG26dSyc2oiYQuxsn8tcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象,还提供了其他功能,用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgO6dSq40o6cIYxWcDXck4E9nEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层,也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U02cdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fy0wd2kGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooI0KxuYLccyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具,该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏,如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadk0kYoaYy4xgLXYc95VMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":135,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05e210c20fdb4536b300a41de1a549f1","width":779},"text":"","id":"Hc2EdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式,可以用曲线来表示运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0KMdKasUoseyixkvRzcErCQn1Z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图,通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4WodSqs8oE6KCxi0Ybc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aiaxW0o4cMtQ0nqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放:使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bos6dqKiSocuowxB8TMcbok2ncA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视野:使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6qdGGCOoSK44xAZhicdvdknLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放所有视图:使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuyAdI8EqoWGO2xC2cXc5IODnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移视图:使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWYWdSckoo44QixcXmDcuTL3nid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中,快捷键为Z。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8I0dkicEoY4GuxoXnicJW1inVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"环绕子对象:使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwKOdKkICogKYKx46kDcL6ZznJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有视图最大化显示选定对象:使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmyMdcyoAooc40xsKcHcz85znpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化视口切换:单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2WgdCGMOokiC6xAmjjc6KHznfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsQyd8KOcoyMsExwl4ic3f98n47"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示降级适配(开关) 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgwsdSMSAoAM26x8If8cbwt5njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCoGdSaWSom0kex2ergco1MSn6t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列 【Alt】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEqCd8suWoWwoMxKUj9c7G9jnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角度捕捉(开关) 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6iOd6YuqoCwkqx75pcc0Ismnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画模式 (开关) 【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6YwdI4Kqosq8WxWGKYcB0kVnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到后视图 【K】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGmYdiaCgoWCMSxQnWscdHv6nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eg4edSaMio684KxoDpScg0QGn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【.】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L20udCqeYoCuECx8r16chgWQnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到上(Top)视图 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGeudeMq2oUgKWxA3X6c2ZvNnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiCYdcSg0oeYaexCmbPcSmf6nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6YCdmwa2oAqo4x4ITfcoytEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到前(Front)视图 【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScOIdoiCEoCgSexEnjBcrV6WnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0mSdSm2KoA0gMxe8zic27XVn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到右(Right)视图 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOWqdk8KMoGwGcxomp0cXqMAn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nce2dioiUoQW2exMBXcck4jdnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMySd2sAWoUCQexua5ncfRjrn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0iedIqwwooGgOxYDn5ctSlznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除物体 【DEL】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYsAd4KWYoKg6IxCCX3cuys9nsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当前视图暂时失效 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIQMdW6sOoqw2ixWQ4nc1DUcnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4gid4EmIoKaGAxk9yKcgCr7n4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示第一个工具条 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【Alt】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSYdmyUAoEukYxiwljcAZFknkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下轻推网格小键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Y0d48wUoukaYxA486clU07nuy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上轻推网格小键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwUodusSgoOgsExIVxocu62fnW2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8OodYqwEo8aaAxE19NciEh7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCYudAIugoUGUax8X9Acqqy8nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqK6d64C6o6KwWx25jWc76srn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYMedGIO2osmyixQnAQc60SQnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个MAX文件 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【F5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAoUdyQQQoGqICxmy1WcCt7Nn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到Y轴 【F6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2aed4qiwo6AWSxcO75csx3Dnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UK40dCm8SoY8AIxSeRuccNT5nnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择父物体 【PageUp】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ja22dmwi6ocuu0xE9jDcGsKrn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择子物体 【PageDown】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmqQdAquSoAWOgxwHhucpHcznIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名称选择物体 【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuS6diuEIoiEo2x6TZYc0Lotn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定(开关) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwQQdEoEwoQayGxCwOic4qX7nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减淡所选物体的面(开关) 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【J】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQ4kdEmkwogmCaxmedGcJa78nyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8edacSOoqgkwxSMAFc2As0ndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6KGdIyiSoq84CxOpj0ccHffngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGq8dk8KgoSEG2xOo1scJOUunDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGmqd682SoauS2xUNerc9QNGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音(开关) 【\\】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Li06d26kaogGiUxOApFcukHPnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYW0dEOAioEac6xYh3acqgj5nKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到光线视图 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数字键盘【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoUAdQUicoqOcexEHtPcgksrnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4KUdiaUAoqYssxEnljcqI33nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B6GKdWKOeowiCqxmEK5cx3E4nL1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsCUdesCsoGUIKxSoGUchKVOnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCYQdOCacoGssExqAlxcUulinzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le8CdUMMIoyskIxkZvTci1sxnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWmgdmcGEoWGI0xuKR5cD71knuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 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【Ctrl】+【w】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMCIdQakooq6gmxsTO2cGXyMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式放大 【[】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uy0QdCqU0oO8gOxox9scr6W5n89"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式缩小 【]】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQUYdKoQIoEAsixGAc8cjV1tnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWcKdcuqcoQYUyxE9TPcWC72nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加入(Add)关键帧 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgECdaSGooy6aAxKonSc9I1lnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwoSdmWW8oIA6OxQNX3cRCBancd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REOGdqiMsoSYCaxwLjycH674nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUudMkGkoi00ox0oANcI3dHnQs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑区域模式 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2A2doY06oW4GExpKS3cRqIYnGR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑时间模式 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmEcdO04OoaggcxkMb6cDbTznPt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开对象(Object)切换 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FW2adMwoAoSmcgxS0FWcGzzXndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2ecdC04soSKuOxOI9gcnT1Mnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0U4daUogoyysWxaO0rcsCuZn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定所选物体 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeIKdw4oQoUWEuxMAe9c9JtxnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上移动高亮显示 【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L0y2dqQqCoYE8UxEJgec2aGinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向左轻移关键帧 【←】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEoMdK2MaosgYcxW65qcs1mwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向右轻移关键帧 【→】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG0UdUckQoMKAWx3pSWc8aWTnqU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置区域模式 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OykmdcIcmoEIcUxumJlcOSfRnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EksedKsO0omiqUx8WtMc8gmXn3o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ew8CdiOOkoYSiqxYBJDc7IhbnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSuMdmmYioQqkyxsjuSc2q0gnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KO4KdIwCqooGeCxg7OYcXngpnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEEcdauSIoKWMyxwfa8cEiE3n6r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmwWdiuGmoAGs8xuQY1cS2kIn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质编辑器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgyQdU6y4oQicixCmSCcxdQQnPB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOQdIWmuo0o8Gx2N2qcvo0PnWm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg6UdWMi2o0oUixY3jeciQ5lnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R44QdOWKKoIsiIxEDXrcx3QTnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示意(Schematic)视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGKkdGMGGoe6yixwDJgc75KZnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2YdoWG2oKK62xKwuVcBALbnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6q4dsMImomcuUx8zvLcqUyXnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwWYdgMqEoMQgcxXKEiccRicnFQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制(Draw)区域 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4iOdou4UoMiwWxuMWRclwYunHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染(Render) 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA0MdEkmUoI6cixUB4TcxBVRnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmS0dmUMyoka84x8dcmcKQNTnbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoCsdUGsyoES66x6cW5cFBFgnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件,也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师,因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距,但是也是一款比较直观、灵活,易用的软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CESWdyoQoookkcxMhQQcPpBOnrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKCUdwcCmoWSa6xEP3BcxybGnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们想要掌握一款软件,那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具,命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括,二维的绘图工具,有画直线,矩形,圆,圆弧,多边形和手绘线等,然后是模型的编辑工具移动,旋转,缩放,推拉,路径跟随,偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具,最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8Uydo4ScokSomxgXLBcgy9rnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMOed2GUqoEoMuxm4B3cOuW4nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个SketchUp文件,点按工具栏,环绕观察命令,在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XCecdI6kUo4u4IxiSkdclOhUnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0d3eaebcdc04fcfb43fc2068639caf8","width":782},"text":"","id":"MS4YdC46aoO0sax6zKpcjMJdntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2步,在其他工具下,如果想进行环绕观察,可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动,同样也可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeUqdSWu8oGC24xn6xhcwSBCnrU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/455fff4dfbb043e49b5d0a939adc3792","width":772},"text":"","id":"UwsQdkwGkoemacxbQFTcGxBWnHF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3步居中显示,在任意工具下,单击鼠标滚轮,都可以让点击位置居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgokdOIouoUyUaxyOuJc4iyZn9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9686cd0862f4016a8c3eabcae4884f3","width":898},"text":"","id":"POUWdqUMSo8Yw8xsvgucwxn9nVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第4步,点按工具栏上的手型,也就是平移工具,然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布,可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqsadaCWQoS686x0kcxcjG35n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/caea81eac43240df82a88a490f236e14","width":790},"text":"","id":"F0Ewd8GUWoWCI2xCO9Ccsusxnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第5步,在其他工具下,按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布,也可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG06dGemQoq8cyxio5AcP2hjnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e525008fe5f14e6d967eee01a286654a","width":734},"text":"","id":"XwwKdsa0woGCWCxuUO3c7yACnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第6步,按下缩放工具后,在界面上按下鼠标左键,向上拖动放大显示界面,向下拖动会缩减显示界面,也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUGkdgyuQoaCO2xUHl2cbylCnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09935565bbd64ae6aa6d34704dbc46a5","width":755},"text":"","id":"Qcuodu4i8oKo8UxEVypcNJSVnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第7步,点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面,该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwymdAmaOoqsQgxcrnWczAGyntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49ff248b0daa49b0932d45288433d551","width":840},"text":"","id":"UqeGdYOIwoOGmox46rgcrMJXnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第8步,这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQwCdg8SqoecQIxKs29c8ETvnKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f43a69c1e574c38b1a7b215fc8c7775","width":842},"text":"","id":"EEACd8o6so0gcYxOCmKcuArinvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8QIdaGCOouOiSxwsbAcfBMRnTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2CIdy8Kyo4EW0xqYfGcmLIJnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kwoqdcs4woAOcKxumXscs23snFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、建模前的准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4S4d04ykouC4MxQlCKchrgRnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"tex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Max 2020实用教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuWdWuuKoEky0x4JZ0cm4m2n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0b1dbfd6a294e00ad7bd0290fa0de05","width":646},"text":"","id":"GW2YdUoeWocoaqx2Xlhc4orOnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmsEdwOSOoy0MSxqg35csBelnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":579,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f9305b2367c4451bc75bc0b4ee3ee4f","width":712},"text":"","id":"V2M4dwK42oyaECx4HEscHbAtnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品,涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型,其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异,有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMSEdCIUCoGCeWxSOVTcL1JXnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8554fb9ef520409eb32c2f2ffef3a155","width":609},"text":"","id":"JQeCdCucyooSmGxuq11c3Ir1noh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计过程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCcQd8coeoSysExA9Ksc9YsVnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计的过程分为三个阶段,策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWmUds86go0ggmxyMR7cUgIcnTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcGsd4uKyow0EsxuGLecgU1Incf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由甲方或业主提出要求,比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSgQdGI4SoEmM0xOIT0cGBzan1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、需要现场勘测,收集原始土建图纸资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSW0d0w44oq4OIxWotAcyZ29neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图,草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UksedEgISoQowkxItBQc3Jl6nYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方案阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyOqdcsoioauOMxu4N0cFf2Yn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在概念草图的基础上,深入设计,进行方案的分析和比较,比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUigdoYM8o4cqexcv8bcAFgInph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、与土建和装修的前后衔接,图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoeIdIsWsoMksAx6AObc1tSWnPI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"施工图阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B44odmimOoU0m4xIDX0cLM5ynAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、装修施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8EWdSoEEomwAKxG2xAch9fvngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0Gd6cEwoeEwWxlfMucqLh2nwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEiudqSYgoa8ocxA3h9cgTJsnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③立面图、剖面图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWG8d2uikoESC0xolDscWkERnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④大样图、详图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKCidsykwomoa4xOypLcPUvTnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、设备施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsO0deqoaoUoWSx2lUMcHruOn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①给排水:系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8Cde2owooYSQxEbXic3xhBn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②电气:强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeyudoQIKoEi8QxIh5CcYCJVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③暖通:系统、空调布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0UqdUuaeoEGEAxKsErc0E9Rn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcKOd6q66oiUUqxodCUccXnAngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcUodUiUioQy8CxspPXcoHhVnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格以流线型为主要设计,这种风格以平滑的表面,精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”,采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料,与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwISd0yiqo2UUgxgJQbcO6mInXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":489,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d263401247884cda827c93912a1b7cfa","width":805},"text":"","id":"I4cmdyIO2ogcCKxWAn0ckjnRnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RikAdgWOWoGiGIxmaplc6taMnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新,工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名,即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件,这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调,和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明,与粗犷的空间形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaG2dk4KOoio8wx21Dockm50nWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c24bfca7951648adaa6fe3fb813e8f26","width":784},"text":"","id":"MWsAdG6yGoSyk8x4tv5ceyy3n9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoEWdWwgaoy4YsxwXRNcyaHXnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上,我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片,它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwwKd4OEKokky4xOKgxcsgKinUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":479,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7eeceec9f8a941a7aba9544e2ddb2bbd","width":776},"text":"","id":"Gqq2dguEioYy6exkboscNRBPnxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日式北欧融合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NM04dIWI2oG6uoxEpi8cqXWWnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点,与之不同的是,北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主,偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合,就形成了经典的美学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Soq0di8m8ogKicxqaQfcJlrNnPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":477,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"日式北欧融合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc7b606972764b7a83bae4090ca0aeb9","width":780},"text":"","id":"QMMsdYywWokgaAxMLJhcmiWNnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复古风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEY8dyIYYoYEY8xwvnec05Iqnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着审美的发展,设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格,这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感,常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O2y2d8cs8oKG2ixkrymcOtTSnVe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":482,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复古风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b64a5c6c0db4ee18354ef2b7b887a83","width":784},"text":"","id":"Ow4GdCGuYogOIwxqMVTcvGybnvd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V44cdqgOeoIm4sxIZflcV8aLnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征,与蓝色和绿色形成对比,代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料,如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目,此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lc68dei0Yo0KMsxeStmclt9Cnhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3fd4f95ed5a426cba8def719a12f7b1","width":793},"text":"","id":"POkWdicG0oOqKaxSqbscOwDTnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PASkd0kAyoWgmox4Oi6c1xbRnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁,体现了“少即是多”的主张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6WOdMUqMoWYgux4ctjcfG3Bn6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义设计","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d7a1e2c47d74d5b9a0cd39b1849db4d","width":789},"text":"","id":"VygIdkUoooK6u4xIzGmcNL8ZnWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuWIdoMGOo4WOKxy2VRcUriKnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰,装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiMEdCgiOosoqgxuqbLcdrGtnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式装修在选材上也很是讲究,因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分,大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋,这样既温馨自然,也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWsMd42sUoegy4x02xRcjuq5nbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在装饰品方面,最好都有中国元素在里面,像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择,还可以加入一些盆栽,使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局,讲究对称美,中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEQ4dSSE2oGcKCxI56zcqOlAnHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":564,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/232593ce228249e58d282f3e19645d44","width":906},"text":"","id":"JiCSdECmuoeIUSxADEQclHMnnce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGcsd4a4goSwm2x4x5cccmY0nBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0Yyd4KYAoEoEkxgtt1cSPNKnHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/259cf8e7d4b64b16ad9dc9ef49f1977a","width":777},"text":"","id":"LiIYdEoiSoiC2GxKw0lcQKYwnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简约中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VsugdKmEgoUaYkxE7NocJXeTnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间,不会有中式那种沉闷,也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是,不奢华,又不失品味。每一个房间,甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAEUdKKMUoUGkgxq0KlcSImInOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":586,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简约中式风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e45ce5849cb240abb79aa60ab7270ec1","width":1003},"text":"","id":"R02Odky4moWAq0xbbn3cgIuOnnM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwGGdGagGoCqWqx6WFScbcY6nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、 整体性设计原则:保证室内空间协调一致的美感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMQdUYccosCcqxo3MLc0g9Bnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 功能性设计原则:空间的使用功能如布局,界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0y2dYgmooSu4yxuQ82c7fwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 审美性设计原则:通过形,色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgE0dskKOos4SSxkTotcmaE0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、 技术性设计原则:一是比例尺度关系;二是材料应用和施工配合的关系;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kca2d2AoQoawAqxMF82cmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、 经济性设计原则:以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q44SdqqIeoykoUxQb8icmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxv44VcGuaWnCC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材,然后再配合视频教程系统学习,这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Akc8dmq2qoymS0xATksc8snun7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6sUd2SmMo0ciCxe6sFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkd6yKmo2GWyxYRcDcr4J5nNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者:伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGq8Kx2tg1cT4BFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯,不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理,这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fec6duW4woEisaxoFg9cyaHCnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者:艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOq2xe8IbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室,宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房,探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪,创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMio8O08xCurjcJ2WFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《室内设计资料集》作者:张启曼,郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0YadYaOMoAkqCx4fGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发,既有丰富的理论指导,又有丰富的实践设计,包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mk0IdMQO2oiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMx6WFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Haqcdcgi2oSui2xKKkxcj3XAn3n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6E8dYG8coyQkCxGCkWc2b6Hnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会3DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWm2WoacasxaiGqcWeFCnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法,我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习,如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsd4YGYowW4ixkj8Pc85EfnEh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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